Andrew FordAndrew Ford is the host of Code with Andrew Ford, a YouTube channel dedicated to teaching people how to code. He is also a full-stack web developer and an educator.2023-12-24T01:25:43Zhttps://andrewford.co.nzAndrew Fordme@andrewford.co.nzBuild a Full-Stack web app with Next.js - Part 7 - Radix Components2023-12-24T01:25:43Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/build-a-full-stack-next-js-radix-components/<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/3w7TfFH7j1-320.6bee65784b.avif 320w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-720.4cd9633ff6.avif 720w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-1024.c0b6aa0174.avif 1024w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-1280.7e05dac9fa.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/3w7TfFH7j1-320.d96700d622.webp 320w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-720.d948e4b80c.webp 720w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-1024.f5ebe86202.webp 1024w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-1280.d226254e44.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/3w7TfFH7j1-320.3f72de4804.png 320w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-720.dbe0f2e5e6.png 720w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-1024.2b9711483a.png 1024w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-1280.c40e096bfe.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/jpeg" srcset="/static/3w7TfFH7j1-320.27cc969506.jpeg 320w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-720.7d262ebab7.jpeg 720w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-1024.7f99d00af6.jpeg 1024w, /static/3w7TfFH7j1-1280.175e8fdfbe.jpeg 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="&quot;Working with Radix components&quot; / Bing Image Creator" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/3w7TfFH7j1-320.27cc969506.jpeg" width="1280" height="1280"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">"Working with Radix components" / Bing Image Creator</figcaption></figure>
<p>The following is a transcript of my live stream on Dec 3rd 2023 on Building a Full-Stack web app with Next.js. This is part 7 of the series. I am continuing a project with an LMS (Learning Management System) using the Storybook.js, Superbase, and Radix UI. So far, I have set up a header component and am working on building other components in isolation using the storybook. The LMS project is in its early stages with a homepage set up and another page for listing data. The Superbase database is connected, with a few tables for courses and students. The next step is to work with Radix components.</p>
<p>The project is available on <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/lms-nextjs">GitHub as LMS NextJS</a>.</p>
<p>Check out the <a href="https://www.Radix-ui.com">documentation on Radix UI</a> components for more information.</p>
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<p>All right, hi there.</p>
<p>I'm back.</p>
<p>It's been a while, I know.</p>
<p>So I'm going to be back continuing this project with our LMS using the storybook.js, Superbase, and Radix UI.</p>
<p>So just to recap of where we got to, we have a component here.</p>
<p>Okay, so we got our header component.</p>
<p>Basically, that's all we've got set up at the moment in our project.</p>
<p>We're trying to build our components in isolation using the storybook.</p>
<p>And in storybook, we will flesh out all our components that we can use, but in that sort of the layout, the stuff that's going to be reused as much as possible.</p>
<p>So that includes things like the buttons, the header, photo, et cetera, that kind of stuff.</p>
<p>Nothing that's real, I guess, layout specific.</p>
<p>Okay, so what have we done so far with the LMS?</p>
<p>Not a lot.</p>
<p>We've got a homepage.</p>
<p>I think we've got one other page where we're listing out some data.</p>
<p>We've got Superbase connected up to it.</p>
<p>We've got a couple of tables.</p>
<p>We've got courses.</p>
<p>We've got students and some supplementary tables around those too.</p>
<p>Okay, so if you haven't been keeping up, might pay to have a look at the project.</p>
<p>I'm just going to paste that into the chat.</p>
<p>Okay, so that should come up shortly.</p>
<p>And if not, it should be part of the description as well.</p>
<p>What I'm going to do next is try and get some of these Radix components, wrap them in our own layers so that we can manipulate them how we would like to use them, and try and get those set up and ready.</p>
<p>So let's jump into Chrome and I can show you that.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's the project there.</p>
<p>We've got the LMS, just the actual dev environment there, localhost 3000.</p>
<p>So not much to see there.</p>
<p>We've got some next one component that I'm going to make.</p>
<p>I'm going to make a button and I'm going to give it the options to have a icon as well.</p>
<p>So I'll set that up shortly.</p>
<p>We've got our wireframes.</p>
<p>So we've got our homepage there, sign up, course overview, course detail.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's all we've got so far.</p>
<p>We've got a storybook and we've got Superbase.</p>
<p>Cool, okay.</p>
<p>Let's get started.</p>
<p>We'll start off with this button.</p>
<p>Easy way to get started is I'm literally going to copy this example code and I'm going to place that into our project.</p>
<p>Let's switch to code.</p>
<p>Okay, so I'm going to create a new component and this is going to be button.</p>
<p>I'm going to keep it generic like so.</p>
<p>And we need to actually import that from the Redex UI.</p>
<p>Now I don't know what that is off the top of my head.</p>
<p>I'm just going to grab that from the website, view the source.</p>
<p>I want to import from Redex here.</p>
<p>I believe it's button.</p>
<p>Redex UI themes there.</p>
<p>Cool, let's come up.</p>
<p>Awesome, and we'll import the icons as well.</p>
<p>Actually we won't.</p>
<p>We want to make that a property that we can add to the component so that the person using that component can easily style as necessary.</p>
<p>Okay, we're going to make this a button.</p>
<p>I'm just going to prefix all my components so it's obvious which ones are pre-built and which ones are my own.</p>
<p>And I'm going to move this up until I return there.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Return like that.</p>
<p>What help if I may have used the right brackets there?</p>
<p>Okay, so I'm going to drop out this component here.</p>
<p>Now we'll make that an input.</p>
<p>So this could be the icon.</p>
<p>So we're going to need a title and an icon like so.</p>
<p>Okay, so it's super basic.</p>
<p>We're taking a title and we're taking the icon.</p>
<p>Icon can be provided, which is awesome.</p>
<p>We need to actually have a story for that so that we can actually display that.</p>
<p>So I'm going to grab the header one to get started.</p>
<p>There's a boilerplate.</p>
<p>Just remember I've got my alien mess button in front of it.</p>
<p>I don't know what I've done wrong already.</p>
<p>I did not name this correctly.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Keep forgetting it's the other way around.</p>
<p>So that's the component itself.</p>
<p>There is this is the name that's going to be there and the both the URL and in our storybook.</p>
<p>Let's check.</p>
<p>Looks like storybooks has built.</p>
<p>Let's switch back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Okay, let's go to our storybook.</p>
<p>Refresh this.</p>
<p>Okay, now we can see we've got an LMS button there.</p>
<p>We've got a problem.</p>
<p>That's okay.</p>
<p>We'll figure that in a sec.</p>
<p>So it's missing a default export there.</p>
<p>So probably on my component itself, I'm missing that default export.</p>
<p>Let's go back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Sorry, to VS Code.</p>
<p>Okay, so I've got my default there.</p>
<p>Like so.</p>
<p>Okay, switch back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Refresh that.</p>
<p>Objects not valid as a React child object with keys.</p>
<p>Objects are not valid for child key if you're meant to render collection of children using array instead.</p>
<p>I'm not getting any errors here.</p>
<p>So what do we got?</p>
<p>We've got our title.</p>
<p>We've got our icon.</p>
<p>We've got our button.</p>
<p>That should be fine.</p>
<p>Do we need to have this wrapped in some braces?</p>
<p>That's where I went wrong.</p>
<p>Okay, so back on Chrome.</p>
<p>We can see I've got a button there.</p>
<p>It's got my title at the moment.</p>
<p>So I can actually add some parameters to this in a sec.</p>
<p>You can see that there is a button.</p>
<p>It's not very looking very nice.</p>
<p>We need to install the providers here for the UI.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got the button there.</p>
<p>We've got the title.</p>
<p>And our default arguments here.</p>
<p>We can give the title.</p>
<p>I can give a default one now.</p>
<p>Let's just keep that for now.</p>
<p>So back to.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>That's the button.</p>
<p>Is the code.</p>
<p>We've got that default value on there.</p>
<p>Okay, so if you're showing the code, what do we see there?</p>
<p>We've got the elements button and we've got a title.</p>
<p>So we can update this on the fly.</p>
<p>This is the real reason we want to use something like Storybook.</p>
<p>Because we can do this as we change it.</p>
<p>Then we get that sort of real time view there.</p>
<p>So we get that actually looking like it's supposed to.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Next steps.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got that working.</p>
<p>It seems I've got some problems with my audio here.</p>
<p>No, it's not tweaking.</p>
<p>Sorry.</p>
<p>I had the mic.</p>
<p>I had an off screen so I couldn't see that.</p>
<p>Bump that up so I can see really important.</p>
<p>Be able to hear me.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got the elements button there.</p>
<p>We've got the here.</p>
<p>Okay, let's keep going.</p>
<p>So this button is going to need more than that.</p>
<p>And it's at the moment, it's not actually getting these Radix themes coming back through.</p>
<p>We look at what is in the actual documentation here.</p>
<p>We can see we've actually got quite a few more properties and stuff that we can add to it, which will do in a sec.</p>
<p>But the problem is we're not able to see the fact that it's getting the styling there from the theme.</p>
<p>Okay, so what are we missing here?</p>
<p>Let's find out.</p>
<p>Let's go back into the code.</p>
<p>Sorry.</p>
<p>So if we're looking at this, this is the button.</p>
<p>See here as child size variant will pull this very sick, shortly, and we've got the code here.</p>
<p>So let's jump to that.</p>
<p>Now, why is it not getting our theming?</p>
<p>What's wrong?</p>
<p>Okay, so we look at the app itself.</p>
<p>We've got a page layout.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're not even getting that.</p>
<p>So we we lay out here now it could be because we're missing this theme part of Radix UI themes in our components here.</p>
<p>So let's actually test that we can test that by grabbing the Radix UI themes here.</p>
<p>I'm just going to grab this initially and see if it's just a CSS.</p>
<p>It's not that we'll also add the theme as well.</p>
<p>Okay, switch back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Sorry.</p>
<p>It's not just that we're going to have to also have the theme in there, I guess, as well.</p>
<p>So let's go into code again.</p>
<p>And we also that was on the page was not always a layout layout.</p>
<p>I need the theme need to put this in our story rather than.</p>
<p>And here.</p>
<p>Okay, so the theme.</p>
<p>And we can just wrap this component like so.</p>
<p>See if this works.</p>
<p>We're going to have to make a wrapper of some sort.</p>
<p>Okay, so expected a string.</p>
<p>Okay, so we can't get away with that.</p>
<p>We're going to have to look at how we can do that to our store a box so that we can actually get those values in there.</p>
<p>Let's undo that.</p>
<p>It's a little bit trickier.</p>
<p>We can test our theme styling potentially by placing it into the layout here.</p>
<p>Actually, I'll do it into the page because we've got the home there.</p>
<p>Let's put our button in the title.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>So it's fine once it's in the actual application when it's wrapped in that theme.</p>
<p>Let's try and do the same with our storybook.</p>
<p>A couple of ways we might maybe we can do that we can actually have a look to see if they're using storybook and the project or Radix.</p>
<p>That might be able to help us.</p>
<p>So you've got a playground here.</p>
<p>So that just wraps that there.</p>
<p>Okay, so the provider.</p>
<p>Okay, so we can't use that.</p>
<p>Like we're not the only ones that have had the same issue.</p>
<p>What a day time.</p>
<p>No, styling at all.</p>
<p>Okay, that's looking like what we need.</p>
<p>We can add a theme provider.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Okay, let's go back to the top here.</p>
<p>First of all, we are on Starbucks seven I believe.</p>
<p>Let's double check that.</p>
<p>Yes, 7.</p>
<p>Okay, so let's go back to code.</p>
<p>Stop the storybook.</p>
<p>Continue with the idea here.</p>
<p>Go to the alternative.</p>
<p>This is not yarn.</p>
<p>Okay, so let's edit that to our storybook.</p>
<p>Now we need to go and update.</p>
<p>So we've added that we've got once installed, open your storybook main.js file and add the storybook.</p>
<p>Add the storybook add on styling and the add owns array.</p>
<p>Got stories.</p>
<p>Let's open up our code again.</p>
<p>Now we're set the configuration file.</p>
<p>Some dots to report mean.</p>
<p>Okay, so add owns there.</p>
<p>Back in our code here, we've got our add on styling now.</p>
<p>And save that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Come back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've added our add on there.</p>
<p>We need to provide global styles next.</p>
<p>If your global styles are defined in CSS files, you can import your style sheets in the storybook preview.js file.</p>
<p>Storybook load any files imported here on every story render.</p>
<p>That sounds like us.</p>
<p>So let's look for this dot storybook preview dot JS.</p>
<p>And we'll just sneak ahead.</p>
<p>Here we go.</p>
<p>So we could wrap this potentially in our theme provider.</p>
<p>Okay, so what I'm going to do.</p>
<p>Grab that line.</p>
<p>And I'll grab the next one.</p>
<p>Hey, let's go back to code.</p>
<p>Preview.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we want to import the theme for red X.</p>
<p>Oh, that's going to put the theme there.</p>
<p>We probably will have to import the CSS.</p>
<p>But let's stop that.</p>
<p>And now let's let's look at what's next in our preview.</p>
<p>So there was a need for decorators.</p>
<p>So do we have any decorators?</p>
<p>No, we don't have any decorators.</p>
<p>And to put this theme here.</p>
<p>Hey.</p>
<p>Okay, so we we've actually got quite some culture controls here.</p>
<p>We've actually got the ability here to see the background color, which is fine for now.</p>
<p>We just leave it like that.</p>
<p>We've set up this theme provider.</p>
<p>So hopefully that will work.</p>
<p>Let's run our storybook again.</p>
<p>So far so good.</p>
<p>Let's switch back to Chrome.</p>
<p>We've got a storybook here.</p>
<p>Refresh.</p>
<p>With theme from J6 provider.</p>
<p>So probably have to pull that in from storybook itself.</p>
<p>Would it be under blocks?</p>
<p>Let's see if that.</p>
<p>Got our theme from J6 provider.</p>
<p>That's still not working.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay, so what do we need?</p>
<p>What are we missing?</p>
<p>Got the Radix theme there.</p>
<p>Got this decorators.</p>
<p>Do we actually have to supply that?</p>
<p>Actions, controls.</p>
<p>Decorators.</p>
<p>We did it wrong.</p>
<p>It's still potentially just edit under here.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Hmm.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Got a react tab.</p>
<p>Got some HTML.</p>
<p>Got the storybook being pulled in.</p>
<p>We've got a source here.</p>
<p>So we've got the app.</p>
<p>We're using, this is using style components.</p>
<p>This is not.</p>
<p>Does not seem to be using.</p>
<p>What I expected it to be.</p>
<p>That's no good.</p>
<p>Okay, so let's look into.</p>
<p>Let's get back to this.</p>
<p>Ah, here we go.</p>
<p>This is probably where I've gone wrong.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>It's tricky when you're trying to learn something new.</p>
<p>Okay, let's get back up to the top here.</p>
<p>What do we got?</p>
<p>We're getting the theme.</p>
<p>Okay, from the red X UI.</p>
<p>We're not getting the theme provided from the right component.</p>
<p>What that should be is with theme provider should be embraces starters.</p>
<p>And this comes from instead add on.</p>
<p>That's that styling there.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>Okay, nice.</p>
<p>Okay, so done that.</p>
<p>We've got our decorators down here.</p>
<p>We've got our global styles.</p>
<p>So this is what we should be pulling in for our CSS.</p>
<p>Now we've got that happening in our layout, I believe.</p>
<p>Yes.</p>
<p>So let's pull that in and turn to our story.</p>
<p>Sorry, wrong one again.</p>
<p>It's our config for storybook, which is our main.</p>
<p>js.</p>
<p>Right.</p>
<p>So, sorry, getting it all wrong.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Maybe I have to make it a constant.</p>
<p>Okay, let's make that work.</p>
<p>So take that base style.</p>
<p>Pipe that into the global styles.</p>
<p>Okay, and then we can add our themes.</p>
<p>That same component.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got that theme.</p>
<p>We're pulling that into our story here.</p>
<p>And we've also got the themes there.</p>
<p>We've also got.</p>
<p>We don't actually need this.</p>
<p>We can just use the actual provider.</p>
<p>And that is our theme.</p>
<p>We're just going to use the default one.</p>
<p>And let's get rid of that.</p>
<p>Okay, so decorators with theme provider from JSX provider global styles face.</p>
<p>Let's go back to our storybook.</p>
<p>Okay, so what are we doing wrong now?</p>
<p>With theme provider is not a function.</p>
<p>We need these decorators like so.</p>
<p>It's not part of the parameter object ahead.</p>
<p>So we're not going to do the themes.</p>
<p>We are going to do the provider, which is our theme up there.</p>
<p>And we get to our base style.</p>
<p>Still having problems with us.</p>
<p>Search for this theme provider.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're going to be using it with Radix UI.</p>
<p>We can find an example.</p>
<p>So that one says it's missing.</p>
<p>It's talking about start compliance.</p>
<p>It doesn't just work.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Provider theme.</p>
<p>Add-on styling.</p>
<p>Global styles is the base.</p>
<p>We're just dropping the theme there.</p>
<p>Let's see if that actually helps.</p>
<p>Okay, so it's not liking this one, but.</p>
<p>Let's see if it's affected.</p>
<p>Oh wow.</p>
<p>Okay, so it's really broken stuff.</p>
<p>Sometimes it pays just to comment stuff out to get it going.</p>
<p>Make sure that it is working properly.</p>
<p>Okay, this is looking a bit better.</p>
<p>Okay, so we still got a problem there.</p>
<p>Let's have a quick look at what that actually is looking like.</p>
<p>So it has got some classes on it, but none of them are being pulled in from the Radix UI.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Let's try and add that in.</p>
<p>Okay, so as soon as we do that, it's not working without the theme provider.</p>
<p>Okay, still not working.</p>
<p>We added the theme provider in and still not working.</p>
<p>Storybook add-on styling is not a function.</p>
<p>Let's look for that.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're going to add a new feature.</p>
<p>We're going to add a new feature.</p>
<p>We're going to add a new feature.</p>
<p>We're going to add a new feature.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're going to add a new feature.</p>
<p>We're going to add a new feature.</p>
<p>We're going to add a new feature.</p>
<p>We're going to add a new feature.</p>
<p>Okay, let's see if this example.</p>
<p>Okay, we can't see that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>The older styling here.</p>
<p>There's no storybook.</p>
<p>js.</p>
<p>It's old.</p>
<p>Let's go and look at our issues here.</p>
<p>Hmm.</p>
<p>With theme by class name from storybook add-on themes, but I believe this issue might be with all theme functions.</p>
<p>I'm using with themes by class name.</p>
<p>That's something similar.</p>
<p>It's quite common when you're searching for sort of open source projects.</p>
<p>Sometimes it's easier just to go to the issue.</p>
<p>Looks like this is another issue that someone else has about three days ago.</p>
<p>Let's see if ours is any different to then.</p>
<p>This is from add-on themes.</p>
<p>Let's just make sure that we've got it correctly.</p>
<p>Maybe it's looking like it's different.</p>
<p>Oh, this looks better.</p>
<p>Module not found.</p>
<p>Okay, so not that one place possibly.</p>
<p>We have to go into the documentation here.</p>
<p>Again, this is with style components, which are not really.</p>
<p>Yeah, this one's got with add-on styling.</p>
<p>So this is what we had previously.</p>
<p>Okay, sort of a style and deprecated in favor of the functionality that you're looking for.</p>
<p>However, was neither intended for a native storybook.</p>
<p>Okay, so still meant to be that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Let's go find the documentation.</p>
<p>Okay, search.</p>
<p>Okay, global theming.</p>
<p>That's not what I want.</p>
<p>That's a dark and light theme.</p>
<p>What about.</p>
<p>That's completely not what I want.</p>
<p>Okay, let's get on here.</p>
<p>Testing snapshot, testing interaction, testing, T-Sarana sharing design integrations.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're looking at.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're going to go ahead.</p>
<p>We can have a preview body.</p>
<p>Maybe this is what we actually need.</p>
<p>Let's try that.</p>
<p>I'm going to review all these previews.</p>
<p>So I've got a couple of.</p>
<p>Changes that I've made.</p>
<p>We'll leave those there for now and we'll add on.</p>
<p>Once we get the theme working with the preview body.</p>
<p>That way, when we do this, we can do a.</p>
<p>Let's just put a div.</p>
<p>The class name.</p>
<p>I work.</p>
<p>Worked just like that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Stop that.</p>
<p>Previews being reverted.</p>
<p>Now there.</p>
<p>All right, that's that and code.</p>
<p>So you guys can see.</p>
<p>So I've added this preview body.</p>
<p>And a class name.</p>
<p>Back to Chrome.</p>
<p>That's cool.</p>
<p>That doesn't seem to be showing.</p>
<p>It's not in the HTML.</p>
<p>Let's find out more about this preview body.</p>
<p>The story rendering.</p>
<p>The storybook will inject these tags into the preview iframe where your components rendered not the storybook application you are.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
<p>[ Pause ] Storybook preview body.</p>
<p>Let's copy the example.</p>
<p>I wonder if we can find an example project as well.</p>
<p>[ Pause ] Hi!</p>
<p>This is a video that I will be taking a look at.</p>
<p>So, I'm going to go ahead and look at the storybooks that are available to have a look at.</p>
<p>Fortunately, no red X.</p>
<p>Right, and see if that comes up.</p>
<p>No.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, I'm going to go ahead and do a little bit of a look at the storybook.</p>
<p>So, I'm going to go ahead and look at the storybook.</p>
<p>Take a look, hold on.</p>
<p>And I'm going to go ahead and do a little bit of a look at the storybook.</p>
<p>Now, I'm not sure if Chakra's got a theme provider.</p>
<p>It's kind of cool though.</p>
<p>We can have our storybook theme too.</p>
<p>Alright, let's go back to another project.</p>
<p>Sometimes the best way to understand how something should work is literally to take a look at what is currently being done with other projects.</p>
<p>Okay, let's go ahead and look at the storybook.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>That's a little rapid.</p>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p>This looks pretty complex.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>This is looking like it could be a winner.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>We didn't actually check to see if the customer route was actually taking effect.</p>
<p>Let's see, it still doesn't look like it's working.</p>
<p>We've got a default view there.</p>
<p>Look at the storybook class.</p>
<p>We've got a storybook route.</p>
<p>That is our button.</p>
<p>Okay, so it is updating.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Let's try this as well.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Is there a body?</p>
<p>Review.</p>
<p>What is that?</p>
<p>ReviewBody.js.</p>
<p>Review.</p>
<p>And it's just kind of pull off.</p>
<p>It's like.</p>
<p>We've got the radio there, we've got the matches, we've got the controls.</p>
<p>Let me try something like Add a preview here.</p>
<p>And let's just go something pretty crazy out there.</p>
<p>Completely.</p>
<p>Let me stop that.</p>
<p>Something like that more.</p>
<p>Is where I'm going wrong.</p>
<p>It should be.</p>
<p>That's frustrating.</p>
<p>When you read the docs, read the docs.</p>
<p>Back to Chrome here.</p>
<p>We've got HTML.</p>
<p>Still no joy.</p>
<p>I'm just going to start and stop it.</p>
<p>Refresh.</p>
<p>Hey, we've got a customer out.</p>
<p>We haven't got our stuff appearing there inside it.</p>
<p>We've got some way that we can wrap it around.</p>
<p>It's not going to be much fun though because it's.</p>
<p>It's just going to embed it as HTML.</p>
<p>Back to.</p>
<p>Okay, so it's got JavaScript, TypeScript.</p>
<p>So they're all done.</p>
<p>The rendering is there.</p>
<p>We've got our style.</p>
<p>We also need a way to get that layout working.</p>
<p>That's just the layout in terms of how we can see it.</p>
<p>We want to be able to wrap just like we've got our.</p>
<p>Sort of code here in the.</p>
<p>Down here in the page.</p>
<p>And the page has.</p>
<p>Page that's inside layout.</p>
<p>And layout has the.</p>
<p>Root layout and it also has the theme component.</p>
<p>Okay, so that theme component is what is provided from Radix UI.</p>
<p>And that's going to give all our coloring based on that.</p>
<p>We can add an option to this theme provider and of course change our colors across the board.</p>
<p>We need to get that into our storybook so that we can actually get that same theme in coming across.</p>
<p>Always it's going to be a bit useless.</p>
<p>So let's try and.</p>
<p>Go back to my Chrome here.</p>
<p>And in it I've got.</p>
<p>So story layout is how it's actually positioned on the page.</p>
<p>Which we will use.</p>
<p>I think we should put the buttons on the center there.</p>
<p>That would be great.</p>
<p>It would make sense to do that.</p>
<p>I'm actually going to do it just now.</p>
<p>Let's do it anyway.</p>
<p>It's going to be better.</p>
<p>So in our preview.js we'll copy that.</p>
<p>Back up here.</p>
<p>In our preview.js.</p>
<p>In our preview parameters.</p>
<p>And we've got layout.</p>
<p>One we want to update.</p>
<p>Okay, I think I'm centered.</p>
<p>Like that.</p>
<p>Okay, so we go back to our storybook.</p>
<p>I'm not having much joy with this.</p>
<p>I check my spelling because that could be what's wrong.</p>
<p>Okay, I might have to stop and start storybook potentially.</p>
<p>Okay, so storybooks.</p>
<p>Starting there.</p>
<p>Wow, nothing's working today.</p>
<p>Might be time to just pack it in and start again next time.</p>
<p>Oh, this is going terribly.</p>
<p>Nothing is seeming to work.</p>
<p>Let's go look at a basic version of that preview.js.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're going to do a quick preview.</p>
<p>We're going to do a quick preview.</p>
<p>Maybe preview body I wonder if this is because it's requiring it to sit over there and preview head.</p>
<p>Let's go back to our component here I'm going to go to our customer.</p>
<p>I added that 1, 2, 3 to it.</p>
<p>Let's stop it and start it again that's stored what that is okay so it's getting that let's go back to the storybook itself.</p>
<p>Does it actually render that?</p>
<p>It does okay so you could add some HTML around it but that's actually not really going to help us.</p>
<p>We want to be able to add the JavaScript theme component just like we do for the standard page and I'd like to do it at the top level rather than have to do it further down the chain in each storybook but it's looking like that's not going to be an easy thing to do.</p>
<p>So what can we do instead?</p>
<p>Now we can't have with this default here any parameters around it but let's have a look.</p>
<p>So this is the default in the story that's just the arguments. Ah!</p>
<p>Args can modify any aspect of your component.</p>
<p>You can use Args in your stories to configure the component's appearance similar to what you do in an application.</p>
<p>For example here's how you could use a photo argument to populate a child component.</p>
<p>This is going to import the page, have it as a child.</p>
<p>Okay this could actually be what we want.</p>
<p>The only downside is this is at that story level.</p>
<p>So we do have that render function.</p>
<p>Some components require a harnessed render and a use away.</p>
<p>For instance if a component runs right up to its edges you might want to space it inside Storybook.</p>
<p>Use a decorator to add spacing for all stories of the component.</p>
<p>Okay so with that example.</p>
<p>Apply story.</p>
<p>Story to enable it.</p>
<p>I'll take some locking.</p>
<p>Okay so this is on preview.js.</p>
<p>Back to where we started.</p>
<p>Theme provided there, theme default.</p>
<p>This is actually looking more like what we want.</p>
<p>Let's try this again.</p>
<p>Being a developer is probably 90% reading the documents.</p>
<p>Especially if you're using open source projects.</p>
<p>Just to be able to implement it in your own project.</p>
<p>Okay so this is my preview.</p>
<p>I'm just going to wipe this out.</p>
<p>Ah they don't have style components.</p>
<p>But what I do have is down in my layout.</p>
<p>I have Radix themes.</p>
<p>Okay so I want to wrap my theme.</p>
<p>Like so.</p>
<p>Let's see.</p>
<p>Let's see if it's getting that.</p>
<p>Interesting enough it's getting some styling.</p>
<p>It does look to be getting red xui themes.</p>
<p>Okay I think we get in there.</p>
<p>Go back to code.</p>
<p>Okay so we've got the preview.</p>
<p>Normally you'd load in the CSS.</p>
<p>We could just try that initially just like we've got in the layout here.</p>
<p>We're just sort of having a global sort of import here of our styles.</p>
<p>Okay let's save that.</p>
<p>Back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Okay so it's still not loading our style sheet.</p>
<p>We're getting on the red xui themes.</p>
<p>We're just not getting, you can see here we've got no styling coming into play here.</p>
<p>Whereas if we go back to our actual rendering of our LMS app.</p>
<p>We go on the button.</p>
<p>Open up the inspect tools.</p>
<p>Now we should have a whole lot of styles on the, when it loads.</p>
<p>I'm not sure why it's taking so long.</p>
<p>I have to stop the dev environment.</p>
<p>That should, click it off again.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>Cool so we can see that there with that button.</p>
<p>We've got all the layout CSS coming in.</p>
<p>Which is what we want to actually have happen.</p>
<p>That looks different to the docs.</p>
<p>Okay there's some weird there it's pulling in some css.</p>
<p>We don't want that, those are our parameters which we will do later.</p>
<p>We tried to do this before with your component files and put ccs, this will work too.</p>
<p>Notice all the exceptions for using a css processor like sass/scss or post css.</p>
<p>Let's try that again, it should be pulling in styles.</p>
<p>We're in preview, we have the theme, the story, the style sheet, and no issues.</p>
<p>Let's see if we're getting that style sheet coming.</p>
<p>It's not looking good, let's have a look under ccs.</p>
<p>We're not getting a style sheet, though it looks like we are.</p>
<p>We might have to look into what red x is doing.</p>
<p>It looks like we have a style sheet coming in there.</p>
<p>I'm just going to comment out the css that is being passed in.</p>
<p>We should probably be able to refresh that now and take a look at that component.</p>
<p>We're still getting the style sheet so there must be four coming from what's called a storybook.</p>
<p>If it's coming from storybook, why are we not getting our style sheet?</p>
<p>Maybe it's because of the iframe that it's using.</p>
<p>We can have a link in our main to the javascript, like an example of the oven analytics.</p>
<p>Let's keep looking, we can add a preview html.</p>
<p>Let's switch back to code here.</p>
<p>It's not working, it's not as simple as that is it?</p>
<p>Stop and start storybook.</p>
<p>Let's see if we can open this up a bit wider to see our components.</p>
<p>We can always try and see if we can access it from the red x folder.</p>
<p>This is that style sheet here.</p>
<p>We're in storybook.</p>
<p>Module not found, what's interesting is that as soon as I do that, it's found.</p>
<p>That's something to do with the actual style sheet itself and that shouldn't matter.</p>
<p>It doesn't like that because it's in javascript.</p>
<p>Maybe if I do it in the preview head.</p>
<p>Preview compiled one error, what is that one here?</p>
<p>Let's get back to chrome.</p>
<p>This might be all the storybook stuff that hasn't loaded.</p>
<p>I'm going to stop and start storybook.</p>
<p>No matter what, we're not getting that style sheet in there.</p>
<p>Don't think preview head is javascript, let's get back to the docs preview.</p>
<p>That's our layout.</p>
<p>We've got a component.</p>
<p>Adding to the heat.</p>
<p>HTML, that's probably why.</p>
<p>Nice start-ups morning.</p>
<p>Let's go back in our browser.</p>
<p>Gone.</p>
<p>It's gone.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're gonna start with root.</p>
<p>We've got all the styling going on.</p>
<p>We have our, yes, we've got our Radix theme styling.</p>
<p>That's a good phone.</p>
<p>But we got now a button that's gone somewhere else completely.</p>
<p>Now it's weird that it's there.</p>
<p>We need to give it some space or something.</p>
<p>Property failure.</p>
<p>It's coming from iFrame.</p>
<p>It's there, but we can't see it.</p>
<p>Is it CSS?</p>
<p>No.</p>
<p>There's a reset going on, which is cool.</p>
<p>We might have that issue with storybook versus our styling.</p>
<p>It's there and we know it's got all the button.</p>
<p>Crazy.</p>
<p>Let's say look, is it visible none?</p>
<p>Just transparent?</p>
<p>Could actually just change the background color here.</p>
<p>Okay, but is transparent.</p>
<p>It is trying to load it there.</p>
<p>It is doing that.</p>
<p>Must be something else that's added when it's imported.</p>
<p>Hmm.</p>
<p>It's a lot of read and now it's CSS anyway.</p>
<p>Still complaining there.</p>
<p>Data is the right thing.</p>
<p>What's interesting is that these variables are on the right level.</p>
<p>A lot of issues here though.</p>
<p>Can't do that.</p>
<p>We always do have one option.</p>
<p>Let's try making our own component that's going to wrap.</p>
<p>We have the verpa there.</p>
<p>Like this.</p>
<p>So this way we could make a wrapper that we know is going to render.</p>
<p>That we know is going to have the style sheet loaded.</p>
<p>Okay, and we're just going to have to go into our story.</p>
<p>Look back at the storybook.</p>
<p>We've got the main up here.</p>
<p>We've got the preview.</p>
<p>Let's put wrapper here.</p>
<p>Now import.</p>
<p>Opponents.</p>
<p>Rapper.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's loading there.</p>
<p>We've got our wrapper component.</p>
<p>We want to move our story up to here.</p>
<p>And then we can hopefully do set out.</p>
<p>That's not a bad result, which is fine.</p>
<p>We'll have to go back a level.</p>
<p>What is it done?</p>
<p>That's weird.</p>
<p>Save that.</p>
<p>I'm not playing.</p>
<p>So we might have to actually stop and start this.</p>
<p>Well, that's no good.</p>
<p>Yes, that's working.</p>
<p>Okay, that's working.</p>
<p>Now we're getting out.</p>
<p>This is painful.</p>
<p>Preview here.</p>
<p>It's probably coming from that.</p>
<p>Let's remove that.</p>
<p>I'm not sure if it gets refreshed.</p>
<p>Yeah, I have to stop and start storybook.</p>
<p>Show cool.</p>
<p>Remove that.</p>
<p>Our wrapper is doing that.</p>
<p>The jazz style.</p>
<p>Let's just do it directly on the div.</p>
<p>Well, we are JSX land.</p>
<p>It's really brutal.</p>
<p>And I actually even have a style tag, a bit of into JSX.</p>
<p>I don't know if I can, but let's give it a try.</p>
<p>Not going to like that.</p>
<p>So we're battling with J6.</p>
<p>What about.</p>
<p>the end.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Ah, so I'm just going to take the colors, but I don't just want the colors.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Oh, my storybook.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay so this did nothing in the end.</p>
<p>We can probably get rid of that.</p>
<p>Let's go back to our story.</p>
<p>I mean this does make it easier.</p>
<p>Um without the router there.</p>
<p>Let's try removing that.</p>
<p>We did need the theme.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>you OK, let's tidy this up now.</p>
<p>We've got the button showing.</p>
<p>Let's grab the same link.</p>
<p>Let's see it back in our VS Code so we can actually see it.</p>
<p>OK, that's looking better.</p>
<p>Remove that.</p>
<p>We now have a head.</p>
<p>Like so.</p>
<p>And we've got a preview body.</p>
<p>So we can ditch the preview body.</p>
<p>Get rid of that.</p>
<p>We can get rid of the wrapper.</p>
<p>Because we're not using that anymore.</p>
<p>OK, so now we should be able to go.</p>
<p>Look at that.</p>
<p>Look at that.</p>
<p>Got preview modules.</p>
<p>OK, let's stop and start Storybook because we just want to check it one more time.</p>
<p>It's not looking quite the same.</p>
<p>I think there's still some issue there for Starsheet.</p>
<p>It's not looking quite the same.</p>
<p>I think there's still some issue there for Starsheet.</p>
<p>What are these?</p>
<p>Ah, Storybook static.</p>
<p>Looks like I've got something to fix up.</p>
<p>I'm going to add this to my GetIgnore.</p>
<p>It's a common thing with the likes of any project.</p>
<p>OK, so now that's much better.</p>
<p>Ah, Storybook static's there.</p>
<p>The build was kicked off and that's hence why it did that.</p>
<p>I should probably do that every once in a while.</p>
<p>If you wanted to actually run that as a build process, maybe some artifacts or something like that, you want to part of your GitHub actions or something like that.</p>
<p>Ah, it's part of your CI.</p>
<p>You could do so.</p>
<p>OK, let's go back to here and let's make all these changes.</p>
<p>Play button component.</p>
<p>Styling.</p>
<p>All right, I'm going to sync those changes.</p>
<p>And I think I'm going to call it quits now.</p>
<p>We're at two hours and ten.</p>
<p>Hopefully that was helpful.</p>
<p>I know sometimes the battle is sometimes the thing that you want to watch.</p>
<p>Things don't always go right.</p>
<p>What you can expect will work doesn't.</p>
<p>So yeah, being able to do this kind of thing and just be determined.</p>
<p>Show your grit.</p>
<p>Work through your problems, try and get back to basics.</p>
<p>Try and prove that something is or not working.</p>
<p>That's how you can debug stuff.</p>
<p>And it's not always the help you get is perfect.</p>
<p>Sometimes you have to actually think about what is actually happening or what isn't happening and go through those sort of steps to actually try and figure out what is going wrong.</p>
<p>Now, it isn't something that you learn in like two seconds, but it is something that you learn over a career.</p>
<p>So what do you do if you have those issues?</p>
<p>Sometimes you just keep at it.</p>
<p>Sometimes you actually walk away from the keyboard because it's easier.</p>
<p>I come back to it and I'm sure you'll solve the problem in your head.</p>
<p>But otherwise, hopefully that was good.</p>
<p>Have a great weekend.</p>
<p>If you are watching this on the weekend, of course, this was livestream.</p>
<p>Have a look at the other videos in the series so you can see the last one or storybook where I set that up.</p>
<p>I'm going to continue.</p>
<p>Try and be a more regular cadence so that people can watch these sort of weekly or fortnightly.</p>
<p>And don't forget to please like and subscribe.</p>
<p>That helps me get to more people out there.</p>
<p>And hopefully you enjoyed it.</p>
<p>Catch you all later.</p>
<p><em>Please note this transcript was edited for clarity.</em></p>
Build a Full-Stack web app with Next.js - Part 6 - Storybook2023-10-30T14:01:33Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/build-a-full-stack-next-js-storybook/<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/0AK07QLBKT-320.afc719dceb.avif 320w, /static/0AK07QLBKT-720.a9e939638d.avif 720w, /static/0AK07QLBKT-1024.4407df0517.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/0AK07QLBKT-320.139638cc4b.webp 320w, /static/0AK07QLBKT-720.3228613fcf.webp 720w, /static/0AK07QLBKT-1024.ff1c2a4c25.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/0AK07QLBKT-320.e2146185ac.png 320w, /static/0AK07QLBKT-720.6e7735b611.png 720w, /static/0AK07QLBKT-1024.41e2a2265b.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/jpeg" srcset="/static/0AK07QLBKT-320.c22c85b61b.jpeg 320w, /static/0AK07QLBKT-720.a81225719b.jpeg 720w, /static/0AK07QLBKT-1024.a1c94aafe3.jpeg 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="&quot;Building a storybook&quot; / Bing Image Creator" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/0AK07QLBKT-320.c22c85b61b.jpeg" width="1024" height="1024"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">"Building a storybook" / Bing Image Creator</figcaption></figure>
<p>The following is a transcript of my live stream on Oct 29, 2023 on Building a Full-Stack web app with Next.js. This is part 6 of the series. In this installment we create a Storybook for our project and start building out our Header component. I walk through some of the features of Storybook and how it can help you build your React components in isolation.</p>
<p>The project is available on <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/lms-nextjs">GitHub as LMS NextJS</a>.</p>
<p>Check out <a href="https://storybook.js.org/">Storybook</a> for more information.</p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EGn-MsRIs4U?si=xT4O5dqmXvoaX0D0" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<hr>
<p>Can you hear me alright?</p>
<p>Just double checking the stream, always pays to.</p>
<p>Cool so we're good, we're good to go.</p>
<p>Sound is working.</p>
<p>Getting a little bit of feedback here on my headset but that's OK, I can put up with that.</p>
<p>OK so we've got this header here.</p>
<p>We built it last time, it's not much to it.</p>
<p>As you can see it's just literally a HTML header component with the H1 inside it there.</p>
<p>We didn't place it anywhere inside our app but we can keep going on that.</p>
<p>Let's take a look at what we've actually done so far.</p>
<p>So we have gone through some planning last week.</p>
<p>So let's switch to Chrome, we'll just take a look at that.</p>
<p>So in Chrome we set up the planning for the Kanban board in GitHub projects.</p>
<p>And you can see we have created a backlog of routes and components and items that we need to do.</p>
<p>In the in progress column we've got the header component there so that's underway.</p>
<p>Now we can do a couple of things to help us in terms of building our React components.</p>
<p>One thing I like to do when working on a new project is to actually have a thing called Storybook.</p>
<p>Now Storybook is a way for us to have a playground where we can build our components in isolation.</p>
<p>We can style them to our sort of heart's content away from the main app and it means that we can sort of configure them, set up easily the different properties for them, even have some dummy data set up so that we can maybe enable, disable, add new titles, content, you name it, that kind of thing.</p>
<p>We can do that.</p>
<p>I have done a previous, I believe I did a previous video on that before so if you have a look back through my YouTube channel there's some guide sort of thing on how to do that but we'll start again from scratch.</p>
<p>We're going to add it to the project.</p>
<p>We'll get that going.</p>
<p>We will continue on building out our header component and we will continue on trying to start getting this project coming together.</p>
<p>Okay, so what do we do when we want to start something?</p>
<p>We look at the docs.</p>
<p>Let's look for Storybook here.</p>
<p>Storybook.</p>
<p>js.</p>
<p>org.</p>
<p>So this is the one.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's all new.</p>
<p>Looks like they've updated it.</p>
<p>That's cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so if we go to the Get Started guide, that's always a good place to start.</p>
<p>They've got a good channel on how to get it all set up and running but we'll do the same.</p>
<p>So they want us to initially install Storybook for the project and make sure that you read this part here.</p>
<p>Storybook is not made for empty projects.</p>
<p>Storybook needs to be installed.</p>
<p>If I work on empty projects, there are many ways to bootstrap in a framework.</p>
<p>We have an app already.</p>
<p>So I think we should be good.</p>
<p>We have the dependencies etc.</p>
<p>So let's get this underway then.</p>
<p>So I'm going to copy that mpx command and that's going to do the initialization on our project.</p>
<p>So let's go back to VS Code here.</p>
<p>Make sure I'm in shot.</p>
<p>Okay, so let's have a look.</p>
<p>We have VS Code.</p>
<p>Okay, we've got the console line is running at the moment.</p>
<p>I'm just going to stop that and on my workspace here, I've got my alamos next.</p>
<p>js project.</p>
<p>Okay, so I'm going to paste that in.</p>
<p>mpx storybook latest initialize.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>So just double check.</p>
<p>Make sure you've committed your code first.</p>
<p>I can see here I'm good to go.</p>
<p>Just to make sure.</p>
<p>I'm going to do a good status.</p>
<p>Make sure that I'm in the code first.</p>
<p>I can see here I'm good to go.</p>
<p>Okay, no problem.</p>
<p>Okay, let's run that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>While it's doing its thing, we should be able to start planning out what we're going to do with our component here.</p>
<p>So I've got that.</p>
<p>Let's talk about this folder structure.</p>
<p>I've created a separate components folder and it's got the header component in it and the logout button.</p>
<p>Okay, we have detected that you're using ESLint storybook provides a plugin that gives the best experience for storybook and helps follow best practices.</p>
<p>Would you like to install it?</p>
<p>Yes, I would.</p>
<p>Okay, so it's going to add that ESLint plugin.</p>
<p>Keep doing it.</p>
<p>So we've got the components folder.</p>
<p>So these components that are going to be used across the site.</p>
<p>They're not page components as such.</p>
<p>So it's all about working in a structure that you are going to understand.</p>
<p>I like to keep mine relatively simple.</p>
<p>But of course, things change.</p>
<p>You can move stuff around as you build out your project.</p>
<p>It's not set in stone.</p>
<p>This is code.</p>
<p>Remember, this is not granite that we are making our project out of.</p>
<p>So we can undo things.</p>
<p>Okay, so it's taking a little bit of time there.</p>
<p>Not a problem.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Once we have got that set up, we should have the Chrome, of course.</p>
<p>We should be able to get to the likes of the wizard.</p>
<p>Okay, so before goes well, you just see a set up wizard that will help you start a story of introducing you to the main concepts and features, including how that UI is organized, how to write your first story, and how to test your components responses to various inputs utilizing controls.</p>
<p>Okay, nice.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>We're going to need to have this command here to start the story of workup.</p>
<p>I'm going to copy that and let's go back and check on what code has done.</p>
<p>Are we finished yet?</p>
<p>No, we've got one more question.</p>
<p>You need to install the following packages, npm 10.</p>
<p>Okay, let's do that.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's kind of open that.</p>
<p>Let's grab this.</p>
<p>Switch back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so let's go through a tour.</p>
<p>That's going to give us a bit of a guided tour of how it works.</p>
<p>Start that.</p>
<p>Storybook is built from stories.</p>
<p>Storybook stories represent the key states of each of your components.</p>
<p>We automatically added four stories for this button component in this example file button dot stories dot JS.</p>
<p>To note that it's got these separate files here called stories.</p>
<p>So we can have our variations there.</p>
<p>Story previews are interactive.</p>
<p>So when you modify code or story, storybook automatically updates how it previews your components.</p>
<p>And this is the key core beauty of storybook here.</p>
<p>You are going to be able to see your components in isolation without any impact from the actual UI itself.</p>
<p>Maybe other things could impact what your look and feel looks like.</p>
<p>So the way that you make your components with storybook is that you then hopefully make them all just independent of each other.</p>
<p>And that's the whole goal of building components because we want to be able to reuse them.</p>
<p>So storybook previews are interactive.</p>
<p>And you'll see here it's got this cool playground here where we have the controls and we can set values.</p>
<p>We can change this value here to false.</p>
<p>Hey, confetti.</p>
<p>Nice.</p>
<p>So with that, we can change that state from being primary to not being primary.</p>
<p>So it's just got a false there.</p>
<p>So that means that we can very quickly have just by properties alone, we can change a button to be of the primary type.</p>
<p>So what would that be?</p>
<p>That it could be maybe like on A form.</p>
<p>Maybe you've got a save and a cancel.</p>
<p>You probably make the primary button the save because that's the interaction you're trying to ask the user to do.</p>
<p>And then the cancel would be the non-primary look.</p>
<p>So less sort of eye-catching there.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So now it's got this little wizard here on how to write a story.</p>
<p>So these imports, first import meter and story object for type safety and autocompletion and typescript stories.</p>
<p>We're not using the likes of typescripts.</p>
<p>So we want to use it in this case.</p>
<p>Next import a component, in this case, the button component.</p>
<p>And then the default export, it contains metadata about this component stories.</p>
<p>The title field optional controls where stories appear in the sidebar.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So you got that button, you got a title.</p>
<p>So this is what you can name it for your example here.</p>
<p>So each named export is a story.</p>
<p>So its content specifies how the story is rendered in addition to other configuration options.</p>
<p>So you can have the, like in this case, the button component.</p>
<p>The button component has these variations, one being a primary.</p>
<p>It's in a secondary, large and small.</p>
<p>I can see there on the left.</p>
<p>So we follow through this.</p>
<p>We can see all these arguments here.</p>
<p>So in this story file, we can set up each of these stories and each have its own object.</p>
<p>And each object has its own arguments.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So these are all stuff that you set.</p>
<p>These are the properties for the components themselves.</p>
<p>So I would imagine this button component has got the properties of primary, label and background.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So those are properties for that component.</p>
<p>So if you cast your mind back to where your views react, maybe in the past.</p>
<p>So properties are things that you pass into your react components.</p>
<p>We'll go over that shortly.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we'll continue with that.</p>
<p>We've got the arguments.</p>
<p>Create your first story.</p>
<p>Now it's your turn.</p>
<p>See how easy it is to create the first story by following these steps below.</p>
<p>Copy the warning story.</p>
<p>Open the button story in your current where you can do a tree and paste it at the bottom of the file and save.</p>
<p>Just copy the code for now.</p>
<p>And we'll close that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Let's have a look at back to our project now.</p>
<p>We should see a few different things here.</p>
<p>Let's switch back to code.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>So in our VS code, we can see the little green there.</p>
<p>A little bit difficult to see.</p>
<p>Maybe it needs to bump up in size.</p>
<p>But you can see here, there is now a folder called stories.</p>
<p>So we've got stories.</p>
<p>It's the same level as our components folder.</p>
<p>And in that stories, we have a few files that it's created for us.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got a button, funnily enough, a header, an ASM CSS, etc.</p>
<p>And even a storage for that header.</p>
<p>So let's just take a look at it.</p>
<p>It's probably a little bit more complex than our one.</p>
<p>That's fine.</p>
<p>And that's okay.</p>
<p>We can leave it like that.</p>
<p>And in there, we can have our component.</p>
<p>We've got the CSS there.</p>
<p>And I've got the, looks like some MDX there.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So it's made that folder for us.</p>
<p>It's set up the configuration.</p>
<p>We should see in our package.json.</p>
<p>If we look at our source control here, we should be able to see the difference between it.</p>
<p>And we can see there.</p>
<p>So what has it done?</p>
<p>What has it added to our project?</p>
<p>It's added the storybook there.</p>
<p>So it's got the port number running there, running the build, and then inside those dev dependencies, because these are for running locally, of course.</p>
<p>So it's when they're in the dev dependencies folder structure.</p>
<p>So we've got the storybook add-on essentials and add-on interactions, add-on links, add-on bombarding.</p>
<p>So all these are parts of the sort of the tutorial.</p>
<p>And with React and testing library to go along with it with storybook itself.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>I'm 100% happy with that so far.</p>
<p>If we close it.</p>
<p>Now the one thing I'm not kind of happy about is we've got our nice sort of component structure.</p>
<p>And this comes down to personal preference.</p>
<p>This is not set in stone or anything.</p>
<p>The one downside, I guess, storybook is that by initially it will store all these files.</p>
<p>We can remove those.</p>
<p>That's not a big problem.</p>
<p>So let's actually go through and look at that.</p>
<p>What are we going to need?</p>
<p>We have our header component.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And we want to have a stories component for it.</p>
<p>We could actually just steal this, which is not a bad idea.</p>
<p>It's going to give us some ideas as well.</p>
<p>And why not?</p>
<p>So we've got the header stories there.</p>
<p>So I'm not a big fan of just having the stories folder.</p>
<p>I prefer just to put my stories into the components instead.</p>
<p>That way when I do so, then it's just going to sit in that folder with it.</p>
<p>I like to keep them together.</p>
<p>Let's do that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>No, I don't want that.</p>
<p>I don't want to hear from stories.</p>
<p>I want the header, which is this one.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So it's doing that.</p>
<p>Now already we've got a difference here.</p>
<p>It's got an argument of a name.</p>
<p>This is a pretty good idea.</p>
<p>We'll leave it at that, I think.</p>
<p>Use this not a bad idea to show on our header component.</p>
<p>Let's actually go back to our storybook.</p>
<p>Not a storybook, our sketches of what we actually did for design.</p>
<p>Because that would probably be helpful.</p>
<p>Let's have a look at the ScalaDrawer.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Did we have a username in there?</p>
<p>No.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>That's okay.</p>
<p>We don't need to have the same.</p>
<p>So we'll just take that out for now.</p>
<p>Sorry, I haven't switched screen.</p>
<p>So that's our ScalaDrawer.</p>
<p>Looking at it now, our homepage.</p>
<p>Simply got the logo and menu.</p>
<p>Very basic.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we'll step back to this.</p>
<p>What was our design?</p>
<p>Let's get back to code.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>So I've got the users there.</p>
<p>We've got the arguments.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got our Jane Doe.</p>
<p>Let's take that out.</p>
<p>Just for the time being.</p>
<p>I'm sure we'll add some arguments in shortly.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got an example header, layout full screen.</p>
<p>We've got the headers themselves.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got the headers there.</p>
<p>Header there.</p>
<p>We've got some assets and the like.</p>
<p>We'll keep the configuration.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we'll leave all that there.</p>
<p>It's all good.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And we'll have, so we've got the MDX there.</p>
<p>That's okay.</p>
<p>Got the header file.</p>
<p>Let's see.</p>
<p>It says, probably going to make a new one anyway.</p>
<p>So I'll do that.</p>
<p>Actually, it wants to add a module, don't I?</p>
<p>So we're going to use CCS modules on this project.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So I've got the module there.</p>
<p>We've got the stories.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>We've got the configuration.</p>
<p>And a few others in here.</p>
<p>So what I'm going to do, let's double check.</p>
<p>I think these are being used in terms of the configuration.</p>
<p>So we'll leave the assets for the time being.</p>
<p>We'll have the configuration there.</p>
<p>This is because I don't have MDX as a file type, I believe.</p>
<p>It's not showing up correctly.</p>
<p>Let's put it to JSX.</p>
<p>No, it's not going to, it's even worse.</p>
<p>No, I'm going to have to get some configuration for some plugin to do MDX at some point.</p>
<p>I might just switch that back to plain text because it's a lot harder.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>I'm going to keep that there.</p>
<p>I'm going to take away, I mean, buttons are good, but these aren't the buttons that we're going to use.</p>
<p>So let's take those out.</p>
<p>Remove those.</p>
<p>Hopefully this isn't going to break.</p>
<p>No, it's going to break it a little bit.</p>
<p>I'm going to have to stop it in a sec.</p>
<p>And we're going to have a header here and a page, stories as well.</p>
<p>So let's remove all those.</p>
<p>And even more errors.</p>
<p>Yay.</p>
<p>Okay, so I'll stop everything.</p>
<p>That's fine.</p>
<p>We can always start it up again.</p>
<p>So now I've sort of pulled back what we had in our stories folder to be a little bit less over the top in terms of having it all sort of dumped in one place.</p>
<p>So I'm going to keep mine in my components folder.</p>
<p>I may at some point actually make separate folders for each one.</p>
<p>Let's sort of see how we go.</p>
<p>Okay, let's run this up.</p>
<p>Okay, so we have our storybook NPM script down here.</p>
<p>Let's run that.</p>
<p>So let's go kick off the storybook and it's going to run the dev there.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So periodically, that all should be good.</p>
<p>Let's switch back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Make sure that that is the case.</p>
<p>Okay, and let's switch to.</p>
<p>We've got some red errors.</p>
<p>That's all cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>We've got the docs there.</p>
<p>We've got the logged in unable to read a story.</p>
<p>It's confirmed and it's missing from the default export and the same for that as well.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So what have we done wrong?</p>
<p>It's always good to take a look back at what our code base is complaining about.</p>
<p>Let's switch back to code.</p>
<p>Now, cool thing is it's working.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've probably got an import problem.</p>
<p>Yes, we do.</p>
<p>We've got a export header imported as header was not found in header possible exports default.</p>
<p>Let's go back and take a look at our story.</p>
<p>So what is expecting in here?</p>
<p>We've got our header like so and our header.</p>
<p>js file.</p>
<p>Export default function header.</p>
<p>Okay, so what's gone wrong?</p>
<p>What could that possibly be?</p>
<p>It's saying export header imported as header was not found in .</p>
<p>header.</p>
<p>Export.</p>
<p>So, okay.</p>
<p>So what is actually happening?</p>
<p>And our export default here, that's where we are having the issue.</p>
<p>So let's have a look.</p>
<p>We can go back and actually have a look at what the previous one was.</p>
<p>We can do so by looking at.</p>
<p>Because we've deleted it now, of course.</p>
<p>So we go back to Chrome itself.</p>
<p>And if we have a look at sort of an example.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So what's happening is in our component, we are exporting it as default rather than exporting it as header.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Storybook doesn't like that.</p>
<p>So we need to change our code to do that.</p>
<p>Let's go back to code.</p>
<p>Okay, so.</p>
<p>We can just have a function header.</p>
<p>Export default header, like so.</p>
<p>Oops.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's rebuilding again.</p>
<p>I've got that export default header.</p>
<p>And let's go back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Still got the same issue.</p>
<p>So what have I done wrong?</p>
<p>Okay, I still haven't done this correctly.</p>
<p>I should be exporting it differently.</p>
<p>Unable to render story is component annotation is missing from the default export.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So.</p>
<p>Can't.</p>
<p>It has a anonymous function there, like so.</p>
<p>I changed my keyboard, so I'm a little bit clumsy on the keys at the moment.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Switch back to Chrome.</p>
<p>Still not gonna issue.</p>
<p>What would I do to solve this?</p>
<p>This is like a great question.</p>
<p>You are gonna have times when you will not be able to sort of see what is happening.</p>
<p>So it's really good to figure out how to solve these issues.</p>
<p>Okay, so what have I done wrong?</p>
<p>You know, let's probably.</p>
<p>What's one way I could find out why that is not working?</p>
<p>Well, example here is component annotation is missing from the default export.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Why is it complaining about that?</p>
<p>That's a good question.</p>
<p>Is there something wrong with my code or is there something wrong with my configuration?</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>There is multiple ways that we can create components.</p>
<p>They don't have to all have, I guess, this normal export default function style, which is very common from Next.js.</p>
<p>It's like the sort of the default there.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Yeah, so it's got the same.</p>
<p>if we look at our different components, they are similar.</p>
<p>So what could we do?</p>
<p>We could always go back and have a look at a previous project.</p>
<p>That's a perfectly great way to do that.</p>
<p>I know I've got something already set up.</p>
<p>If we go to my blog.</p>
<p>Now, under my articles here.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>UI component library.</p>
<p>Like I said, I previously created a video on using Storybook before.</p>
<p>So it's very much the same sort of structure.</p>
<p>Okay, so using the buttons.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So if we look at the project, we can actually get an idea of how it was working.</p>
<p>I've got some typescripts, but that's okay.</p>
<p>So we've got this project.</p>
<p>I've got the source.</p>
<p>Let's go to the components.</p>
<p>If only nothing is hitting component already.</p>
<p>So export constant hitting.</p>
<p>So that's where I went wrong.</p>
<p>So I was still exporting as default when I should be exporting as the named value of the component.</p>
<p>So let's go and jump back to the likes of our code.</p>
<p>So let's do that.</p>
<p>Just before we do that, though, I'm going to copy and paste.</p>
<p>Why?</p>
<p>Because I can.</p>
<p>Switch back.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Again, this is typescript.</p>
<p>So I'm not going to have any of these values inside of the properties as typed values.</p>
<p>Instead, I just need it like that.</p>
<p>Like that.</p>
<p>I don't need the export default.</p>
<p>Now, will we have to stop start it?</p>
<p>Probably.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So why is that not leaking?</p>
<p>Export constant header.</p>
<p>Export constant hitting.</p>
<p>Now, stories.</p>
<p>This might help.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>What can we do?</p>
<p>What can we do?</p>
<p>Obviously, there's something I am not noticing.</p>
<p>That's okay, though.</p>
<p>After battle of software development is trying to figure things out.</p>
<p>We're not going to get put off already.</p>
<p>So we can do that.</p>
<p>So we've got the import from the header.</p>
<p>I'm going to go back and take a look at my story.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got the import, the header.</p>
<p>We're taking that from our header.</p>
<p>Take a deep breath.</p>
<p>Well, that couldn't be a bit of a problem.</p>
<p>So we've got hitting.</p>
<p>I should have had export constant header.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And let's switch back to code now.</p>
<p>And here's where I went wrong.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Oh, good.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So what did I do wrong?</p>
<p>I wasn't exporting a default.</p>
<p>I was expecting a default with JavaScript.</p>
<p>I named my component wrong.</p>
<p>So I called it heading instead of header.</p>
<p>So be careful about silly things like that.</p>
<p>It's very easy to get tripped up over that kind of stuff.</p>
<p>That is part of the course.</p>
<p>That is what happens.</p>
<p>We all make silly mistakes like that.</p>
<p>Don't see anyone popping up in the comments pointing out we're undone something wrong.</p>
<p>That's okay.</p>
<p>Be happy if you guys shout out if there's anything that is not working correctly or you can be going, hey, do that silly.</p>
<p>Yeah, please shout it out in the comments.</p>
<p>That would be helpful for me.</p>
<p>Even after all these years, I still make plenty of mistakes.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got the header.</p>
<p>We've got the default header there.</p>
<p>We've got the stories.</p>
<p>So we've got our example.</p>
<p>I'm not a big fan of saying example.</p>
<p>I'm just going to say components.</p>
<p>Hopefully this is not going to break it.</p>
<p>Let's refresh.</p>
<p>Yeah, no, it's complaining now.</p>
<p>Okay, so you kind of need to take that path out.</p>
<p>The path is, of course, got the name.</p>
<p>There.</p>
<p>It's okay.</p>
<p>Now it's called components.</p>
<p>It's got header.</p>
<p>It's got our docs.</p>
<p>It's got our logged in, logged out.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so I'm happy with that now.</p>
<p>It's looking a little bit better.</p>
<p>Switch back to the likes of code.</p>
<p>Okay, so I just renamed that total there.</p>
<p>So now it's components and header.</p>
<p>And that way we won't have.</p>
<p>Oh no, it's not like a big fan of having example there.</p>
<p>It's not particularly cool.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>Components, header.</p>
<p>Got my name.</p>
<p>I've got a logged in state, a logged out state.</p>
<p>Do I need that?</p>
<p>Probably not.</p>
<p>I'm just going to call one default.</p>
<p>That's where we can complain.</p>
<p>And I can get rid of the logged in out state now.</p>
<p>Switch back.</p>
<p>It's probably going to be complaining.</p>
<p>Let's see.</p>
<p>Is it?</p>
<p>No.</p>
<p>Ah, nice.</p>
<p>Because I was on the docs one, it didn't complain.</p>
<p>Got to watch out for these paths in the URL bar here.</p>
<p>Because if you.</p>
<p>It's just literally using them as parameters in a query string.</p>
<p>So if they're not correct, then of course the page isn't going to load.</p>
<p>So if you change the name or something, it is going to impact on it.</p>
<p>So watch out for that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So I've got my header.</p>
<p>I just got the default.</p>
<p>Again, there's not much to it.</p>
<p>Going and taking a look at our scull drawer.</p>
<p>Let's take a look at what we created as our look and feel.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got the.</p>
<p>What we call it?</p>
<p>The.</p>
<p>Logo.</p>
<p>We've got a menu.</p>
<p>And that's pretty much it.</p>
<p>The menu will sit on the right hand side.</p>
<p>The logo on the left.</p>
<p>It's the same throughout the different sizes.</p>
<p>So our mobile tablet view and on a desktop view.</p>
<p>The top bar here of this header will continue to reach out to the full width of its size.</p>
<p>So what can we do about that?</p>
<p>Let's place.</p>
<p>Maybe let's just make a logo.</p>
<p>I'm just going to put a placeholder in, which is fine for the time being.</p>
<p>What we have here.</p>
<p>So we've got a header.</p>
<p>I'm just going to be really original and jump back into our code.</p>
<p>And I'm going to call it LMS.</p>
<p>So that's our logo as such.</p>
<p>So I'm going to give that a div.</p>
<p>And then we'll put a name.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So now we've got our logo.</p>
<p>And then we're going to put the menu in in a sec.</p>
<p>Switch back to the likes of Chrome.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>So that's updated.</p>
<p>We're starting to get there.</p>
<p>Well if we want to actually start doing any styling, there's one thing that we need to do.</p>
<p>Because at the moment it's just using sort of default font sizes and default fonts.</p>
<p>So if we look at that, yeah, it's just coming directly from the user agent style sheet, which is the browser itself.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Let's switch back to code.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got LMS there.</p>
<p>I've made this module, CSS module here.</p>
<p>So we need to import that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So the best thing sometimes is to find an example.</p>
<p>Let's see if we can find a file for a module.</p>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p>So we've got an example there.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Let's do the same.</p>
<p>So in our header, we're going to need to import the header.</p>
<p>module.</p>
<p>css file.</p>
<p>It's going to import it as styles and then we're going to be able to use this in our styling.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So back to our header component.</p>
<p>Import styles from, and this is going to be just the local file there.</p>
<p>Header module.</p>
<p>css, like so.</p>
<p>And then we can do something like this.</p>
<p>Class name.</p>
<p>We're going to be using a JavaScript variable because it's styles and we can have our header.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And we can do the same for the logo.</p>
<p>So copy that bit.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So jumping back to VS Code, Chrome, sorry.</p>
<p>We should now have that loading and let's actually add some styles to that so that we can actually see that.</p>
<p>That is correctly working.</p>
<p>So let's go to our style sheet.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And we've got logo there.</p>
<p>Font family.</p>
<p>I'm actually just going to keep it real generic and switch it to sort of a sans-serif.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And then we should be able to switch back.</p>
<p>Now.</p>
<p>logo.</p>
<p>Just going to do just to make sure that it's displaying correctly.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So probably got.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>What have I done wrong?</p>
<p>Well, we've got a background.</p>
<p>We've got a color there.</p>
<p>We've not got it unpacking on the font.</p>
<p>Probably because H1.</p>
<p>I don't know.</p>
<p>Well, there you go.</p>
<p>So no quotes.</p>
<p>My bad.</p>
<p>I don't know why I decided to do that.</p>
<p>Sometimes you do some weird things sometimes.</p>
<p>I'm going to take those off.</p>
<p>It's going to be inherited.</p>
<p>I'm going to get rid of the background color there.</p>
<p>And we should have another one for the header.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So thinking about our designs.</p>
<p>Pretty basic.</p>
<p>Had a border radius.</p>
<p>And it's, you know, I say one rim.</p>
<p>It's probably too big actually.</p>
<p>0.5 rem.</p>
<p>Border radius.</p>
<p>We're going to need background color.</p>
<p>What could we have?</p>
<p>We could have maybe, I don't know, what's a cool color.</p>
<p>We're actually, because we've only done it as wireframes there, we've got no sort of look and feel coming on yet.</p>
<p>Let's pick something.</p>
<p>Probably a bit too pink.</p>
<p>Maybe.</p>
<p>That's not cool.</p>
<p>Too bright.</p>
<p>Not a big header of that.</p>
<p>So you can see there, it's got a little, yeah, that could work.</p>
<p>Sort of olivey green.</p>
<p>Yeah, I'm cool with that.</p>
<p>And then I'm going to add some padding.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Maybe it didn't, I could go bigger.</p>
<p>You know, we could be a bit more chunky.</p>
<p>Let's make it one rim there.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so we can see there in our component, we're getting these CSS module class names are coming through.</p>
<p>Cool thing about CSS modules is that it will get a unique name there every time it is rendered.</p>
<p>That's built into the next JS.</p>
<p>So what it's doing is going through a build process, putting, appending a unique identifier on the end of the class.</p>
<p>It uses the component name and then followed by the class name that you have in your module folder with the underscore.</p>
<p>And then of course the unique identifier.</p>
<p>That way, it should always be unique and you shouldn't get any CSS sort of clashes with that.</p>
<p>So one of the benefits of using CSS modules.</p>
<p>The other cool side of that, because everything has been put inside its own file.</p>
<p>When you come to get rid of the component, you can feel comfortable in removing that CSS file at the same time.</p>
<p>It's got some cons.</p>
<p>One being, you could end up with a, if you're not diligent about your CSS styling, you could end up with a whole lot of repeated sort of classes in those individual modules.</p>
<p>So you may need at some point to go back and refactor and pull those out, maybe into a global style sheet that you're using throughout your project.</p>
<p>Just so that you're not reinventing everything.</p>
<p>But yeah, it all comes down to preferences.</p>
<p>It's not right or wrong way.</p>
<p>It's just sort of strengths and weaknesses and pros and cons.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got the LMS there.</p>
<p>If we take a look at the browser.</p>
<p>Cool, cool.</p>
<p>Okay, it's going to move the browser down a little bit.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Right, and so we've got our components, got our logo.</p>
<p>If we switch back to the code there, we've got our CSS classes and alike.</p>
<p>Border radius background color padding, our font style itself.</p>
<p>We've got the, we're just using the black default color there.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's starting to come together.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got that come together and go switch back to Chrome now.</p>
<p>Okay, now I haven't placed this.</p>
<p>Well, start us there's two things I am not running the project at the moment so it's for we're just going to crash now.</p>
<p>I'm only running the storybook.</p>
<p>Secondly, our header component does not sit in any of our actual layout for the app itself yet.</p>
<p>It's purely sitting standalone and our storybook.</p>
<p>Cool thing about that is that because it's standalone in our storybook, we can do a few things inside of our storybook here and we can sort of test for likes of different sizes.</p>
<p>So if you actually have a look here, it looks like a cool thing.</p>
<p>That's working correctly.</p>
<p>So we've got the small.</p>
<p>We can do that.</p>
<p>Okay, so we have small mobile layer so we can actually have a small view of it.</p>
<p>We can have a large mobile tablet and sort of reset it can be like it is top.</p>
<p>So it's all there.</p>
<p>Quite cool.</p>
<p>We've also got the likes of what else we got here.</p>
<p>We've got the flight grid view.</p>
<p>So you can see it's good for the background.</p>
<p>You can change the background or preview for an image there if you would like.</p>
<p>There's a ruler just really cool to the showing.</p>
<p>So using sort of one room there, which is 16 pixels in this case for our padding.</p>
<p>And you can see that is displayed there with the measurements plug in.</p>
<p>This is all this is all default to a storybook.</p>
<p>We haven't had to add these as separate notice.</p>
<p>Also, it's got a little refresh here so you can remount it.</p>
<p>Which is pretty cool.</p>
<p>And you've even got a sort of zoom so you can zoom in on your components.</p>
<p>Reset it.</p>
<p>It's pretty cool.</p>
<p>You can also sort of add these outlines as well, which is again, we're really nice.</p>
<p>It's a good way to just visually see how your component is built as well.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>OK, so go to LMS.</p>
<p>We have our logo.</p>
<p>Now at the start of the project, cast your mind back.</p>
<p>I imported the Radix components.</p>
<p>So let's just double check that that's all up and going.</p>
<p>So if we go into project here, we have the Radix UI theme.</p>
<p>OK, so we're using that in our project.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>So what I'm going to do is what you should always do when you are working on projects.</p>
<p>Try to commit often.</p>
<p>I think we're at a good point.</p>
<p>We've got it.</p>
<p>We've got storybook set up.</p>
<p>We've got our header component displaying.</p>
<p>We know that our CSS modules are working correctly.</p>
<p>And we can actually check that in now, feel confident that it's looking pretty good.</p>
<p>So let's do that.</p>
<p>So I added a storybook.</p>
<p>Project.</p>
<p>And set up header component.</p>
<p>So commit that.</p>
<p>And we'll sync those changes.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Like I said, we've got Radix there.</p>
<p>If we jump back to the likes of Chrome.</p>
<p>Let's do that.</p>
<p>So.</p>
<p>Got our LMS.</p>
<p>Now, let's go and take a look at the Radix UI library again.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>So we've already done this part.</p>
<p>We've already set this up.</p>
<p>Part of our project.</p>
<p>Now, the reason we're using this library, we've got a whole lot of pre-configured components that we can use out of the box.</p>
<p>We don't have to start from scratch.</p>
<p>So that's why we're using them.</p>
<p>Another good important point about them is they have some good defaults already set up in terms of accessibility.</p>
<p>So we can continue with that.</p>
<p>OK, so let's go down to this layout here.</p>
<p>What do we got out of the box here?</p>
<p>Let's just have a quick look through.</p>
<p>So we've got, let's get the overview of the theme.</p>
<p>So the theme has the colors there.</p>
<p>So you can configure that.</p>
<p>So that's currently we have that configured.</p>
<p>No, I think it's just using the defaults completely at the moment, which is fine.</p>
<p>So we can set all those things, which is pretty cool.</p>
<p>We've done something already that we probably shouldn't know if we set the radius.</p>
<p>So there's an ability there to do all that as well.</p>
<p>Colors, etc.</p>
<p>That's OK.</p>
<p>We can just undo those.</p>
<p>So pretty cool.</p>
<p>It's already got quite a lot of color scales and lights set up.</p>
<p>We've got a dark mode already, which is pretty cool.</p>
<p>So we'll be able to add that as needed.</p>
<p>Visual style, panel background.</p>
<p>So we've got panel elements there.</p>
<p>So we can have a translucent.</p>
<p>We can have it solid, etc.</p>
<p>Very cool.</p>
<p>The typography.</p>
<p>It's all pretty much set up and done for you.</p>
<p>Pretty awesome.</p>
<p>Layout.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>We could just use our own CSS to perform our layout.</p>
<p>But one of the benefits of using something like this library is that we can use that to instead have that consistency.</p>
<p>We can sort of step back and just have our CSS modules for the styling of things which are completely custom, which aren't as part of the Radix UI.</p>
<p>So we'll use what we've already got set up here.</p>
<p>So there is some layout components already.</p>
<p>We've got a box, flex and grid, which is awesome.</p>
<p>So we can set up our.</p>
<p>looking back to our design.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>Pretty basic setup.</p>
<p>Logo on the left, menu on the right.</p>
<p>We want to do that sort of layout.</p>
<p>So a good way that we could do that, we could use maybe the flex layout, which would allow us to do that quite easily.</p>
<p>We could actually use a good layout as well.</p>
<p>Probably not needed.</p>
<p>I'm just going to have the flex, have the logo on the left and the menu on the right.</p>
<p>But also know, I believe there is a menu already.</p>
<p>It's a right click one, so that's not the one we'll have after.</p>
<p>I think there's a nav.</p>
<p>Let's see.</p>
<p>Drop down menu, components, tabs.</p>
<p>We want tabs, we want.</p>
<p>We just want a list of menu items.</p>
<p>Drop down menu.</p>
<p>Scroll area separator.</p>
<p>Could use that.</p>
<p>Let's go take a look back at the playground, I think.</p>
<p>It's always good to do that.</p>
<p>OK, so playground.</p>
<p>We've got some sort of menu up here that could be useful.</p>
<p>Let's have a look at the playground.</p>
<p>Like I said, the themes all set up like that.</p>
<p>Really cool little side note here.</p>
<p>You can see on the right hand side we've got a whole theme builder in this playground.</p>
<p>We can literally copy that theme, apply that to our theme provider and then we'll be set to go.</p>
<p>It would look the same as what we're doing in here.</p>
<p>So where was those?</p>
<p>There's the tabs.</p>
<p>There's the links there.</p>
<p>Let's see if we can find it.</p>
<p>Separator, slider, tabs, text area, text field, tooltip.</p>
<p>They just use buttons.</p>
<p>Can I use these badges?</p>
<p>Let's see what they actually are.</p>
<p>Product link.</p>
<p>Product link container.</p>
<p>Maybe we will have to put our own menu.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>Always the fun part of working with any new project.</p>
<p>This is the first time I've used Radix UI.</p>
<p>I wanted to give it a try.</p>
<p>A bonus of that is you get to see me fumble around.</p>
<p>Just like you guys would if you hadn't used it as well.</p>
<p>So we've got the tabs there.</p>
<p>I'm not really a big fan of doing that for the tabs.</p>
<p>I want the actual menu structure to be something that's going to work.</p>
<p>It's going to work well on a mobile.</p>
<p>I don't think we need a context menu like that.</p>
<p>I don't think that's really going to be helpful.</p>
<p>And I'm not a big fan of that.</p>
<p>Maybe if we're more sort of app-based, rather than an LMS, maybe I would use that.</p>
<p>I think we could just have a selection of menu items.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>We may actually end up having to use some of the Existings.</p>
<p>And we can take a look at the parameters here.</p>
<p>So the other thing we've also got available to us is the ability to take these parameters.</p>
<p>And we can use these as well.</p>
<p>We'll take a quick look at what's in here.</p>
<p>Switch back.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>It's going to take a break for a few minutes.</p>
<p>And then we'll come back and we'll start deciding how we're going to make our menu.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
<p>I'm back.</p>
<p>Okay, I'm back.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got some examples here.</p>
<p>I'm quite a fan of these sort of links here.</p>
<p>I don't believe that they're using anything that's out of the ordinary.</p>
<p>So we could just create our own ones like that.</p>
<p>It's not a silly idea.</p>
<p>Let's take a look at them further.</p>
<p>Aren't they being built with anything special in mind there?</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got inactive state.</p>
<p>Link there, we've got here to product link inner.</p>
<p>So it looks like we've just got some custom styling here anyway.</p>
<p>We have the looks of it.</p>
<p>And not something that's already available there, which is fine.</p>
<p>We can use that.</p>
<p>So our buttons, like so.</p>
<p>Something like that.</p>
<p>It's a button.</p>
<p>I wonder if it's a context menu.</p>
<p>So it's like a trigger one.</p>
<p>The drop down menu is more, again, it's a button like so.</p>
<p>We could just have them as buttons.</p>
<p>That's one way we could do it.</p>
<p>We just probably want them.</p>
<p>Let's just links I think.</p>
<p>Text field, text area, tabs.</p>
<p>Yeah, I think I'm going to create them with a similar look as what we are used to.</p>
<p>Does it have any advice on that in the documentation?</p>
<p>That's a good question.</p>
<p>Add the theme components, start building, customizing your theme, using the theme panel.</p>
<p>So called this radius there.</p>
<p>I think we can actually get a lot of these custom CSS properties.</p>
<p>Radix exposes themes, all tokens as CSS custom properties.</p>
<p>So this is the Radix way where we can take what's already part of that themeing structure.</p>
<p>And we can actually incorporate it into our own custom styles, which is pretty cool.</p>
<p>We're going to apply a theme to this project using Radix.</p>
<p>Radix is UI themes.</p>
<p>And then what we can do from there is we can take these tokens and actually apply them across our CSS.</p>
<p>So for a comprehensive list of all available tokens, see their respective source files.</p>
<p>So say like in the case of our radius.</p>
<p>No, not so much.</p>
<p>Think about it maybe in terms of our color.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>So this is all the theme colors here.</p>
<p>So with that, we would have a color of amber.</p>
<p>These are all the tokens.</p>
<p>We go back to the help.</p>
<p>Let's see.</p>
<p>So they got T file font size.</p>
<p>So if we grab this, that's the modifying of it, but we'd be able to see all the tokens like that.</p>
<p>OK, so we can use these for our project.</p>
<p>So we've got font size one.</p>
<p>We've got weight, bold, default font family.</p>
<p>It's a whole lot there is accessible to us.</p>
<p>We can grab these as the CSS variables that they are.</p>
<p>And we can apply it to our own styling.</p>
<p>So let's give it actually a try just to test that out.</p>
<p>If we take a look at some of the colors there.</p>
<p>Radix colors, tomato.</p>
<p>So you see, this is the color called tomato.</p>
<p>Let's put the end here.</p>
<p>Search for it.</p>
<p>Let's say, tomato.</p>
<p>That's CSS.</p>
<p>It has not come up with the one I was expecting.</p>
<p>I'm not saying that.</p>
<p>That's weird.</p>
<p>Get Radix UI themes, components, helpers, styles, tokens, color.</p>
<p>Here we go.</p>
<p>OK, so all these are embedded in here.</p>
<p>Let's give an example of a component.</p>
<p>Token reference, CSS custom properties.</p>
<p>We've got the box layout there.</p>
<p>That's so cool.</p>
<p>It's got these surface colors.</p>
<p>Grab this.</p>
<p>Go into our code.</p>
<p>Go into the header module that says this file.</p>
<p>What I'm going to do is I'm going to replace that token.</p>
<p>It's variable.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>Let's go have a look at our storybook now.</p>
<p>Did that impact on it?</p>
<p>No, it did not.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>Let's see what actually came out.</p>
<p>Yeah, it doesn't.</p>
<p>Didn't actually even get that color.</p>
<p>Maybe that's not being exposed at the top level.</p>
<p>Does the contrast background and text.</p>
<p>Focus selection, color scheme.</p>
<p>OK, so it was for the X into the loan.</p>
<p>Let's try that.</p>
<p>Maybe this one's exposed.</p>
<p>Good question.</p>
<p>Why would it be?</p>
<p>By default, we would have to actually do that.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>What are we at?</p>
<p>We are at an hour and a half.</p>
<p>And I'm running out of time.</p>
<p>So what we can do next time we come back to the project, we can further explore how we can get, I guess, the Radix UI theming into our storybook.</p>
<p>Because at the moment, it doesn't actually seem like we're actually getting, we are getting our custom styles from the modules, but we're not getting our custom styles from the Radix UI because we're not embedding anything.</p>
<p>So a quick way we could quickly test that maybe is add a button.</p>
<p>But we have run out of time, unfortunately.</p>
<p>So next time what I'll do is configure using the Radix UI buttons.</p>
<p>We'll test the theming and structure out.</p>
<p>But have a play yourself.</p>
<p>Storybook's really good for doing this building of components in isolation.</p>
<p>It's got some great testing tools.</p>
<p>It's also got some accessibility tools built in as well.</p>
<p>Have a check of those.</p>
<p>Some of those are really great.</p>
<p>And of course you can have all your properties based on, if you want to have like we had before, we had the primary button and the non-primary button by setting that boolean value.</p>
<p>Then it was going to show that color, the accent color on our buttons.</p>
<p>Cool stuff.</p>
<p>So next time, like I said, we'll get that Radix UI set up and we'll go through and make sure that it's working and continue on with our header component.</p>
<p>Alright, thank you for watching.</p>
<p>Please remember to like and subscribe.</p>
<p>And if you want, you can ring the bell.</p>
<p>You'll get notified when I do come online again.</p>
<p>Have a great day and I will catch you all later.</p>
<p>Bye.</p>
<p><em>Please note this transcript was edited for clarity.</em></p>
Build a Full-Stack web app with Next.js - Part 5 - GitHub Project2023-10-14T16:56:10Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/build-a-full-stack-next-js-github-project/<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/zMRJJz91HE-320.a8e22346ff.avif 320w, /static/zMRJJz91HE-720.b0cd0b2888.avif 720w, /static/zMRJJz91HE-1024.100b7330df.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/zMRJJz91HE-320.6919b89d7e.webp 320w, /static/zMRJJz91HE-720.6340d74ac4.webp 720w, /static/zMRJJz91HE-1024.f7536b821d.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/zMRJJz91HE-320.8ea9bfa947.png 320w, /static/zMRJJz91HE-720.341aaf712f.png 720w, /static/zMRJJz91HE-1024.aff5a0d391.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/jpeg" srcset="/static/zMRJJz91HE-320.c54ca46bee.jpeg 320w, /static/zMRJJz91HE-720.f4bd6d6338.jpeg 720w, /static/zMRJJz91HE-1024.a605445895.jpeg 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="&quot;A web full-stack app built with NextJS&quot; / Bing Image Creator" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/zMRJJz91HE-320.c54ca46bee.jpeg" width="1024" height="1024"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">"A web full-stack app built with NextJS" / Bing Image Creator</figcaption></figure>
<p>The following is a transcript of my live stream on Oct 13, 2023 on Building a Full-Stack web app with Next.js. This is part 5 of the series. In it we start further planning and using a kanban board to track our progress. To do this we use GitHub projects and generate a board and create some issues/tickets to build. We also start building out the components for the project.</p>
<p>The project is available on <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/lms-nextjs">GitHub as LMS NextJS</a>.</p>
<p>The GitHub project board is available on <a href="https://github.com/users/andrewjamesford/projects/4">GitHub as @andrewjamesford's LMS Project</a>.</p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UUDUUrG-LDw?si=NC3-gYFDnArwXzC7" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
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<p>All right.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, Andrew here again.</p>
<p>I'm going to go over a little bit of what we did last night and continue on with the actual planning of what we're actually going to build.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, if you watched the stream last night, you would have seen I had an entity relationship diagram.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, just going to pause the monitoring for a sec.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, what do we got here?</p>
<p>We have our table structure.</p>
<p>So, we've got all the database here, our courses, our courses section, courses media, courses comments, students and students progress.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>We went into the SQL editor for Superbase and we ran the query that was generated from the ERD diagram tool, DB diagram.</p>
<p>io.</p>
<p>We ran that and now we have some tables.</p>
<p>Let's pull that up.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, you guys can see that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, you got courses, courses comments, courses media, courses section, students, students progress.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>If we go into each of these, I'm probably going to have to do a little bit of editing.</p>
<p>So, we've got the courses.</p>
<p>We've got the values here.</p>
<p>Make sure we make it an identity on these.</p>
<p>So, we're going to go through, update these tables, make sure they've got the, I guess, the Superbase specific things.</p>
<p>Let's make that correct.</p>
<p>I'll show you that.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>The one downside, I guess, of writing the SQL separate.</p>
<p>And again, it's identity.</p>
<p>I think I felt these are all not available.</p>
<p>We can change this later, of course.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>So, that's there.</p>
<p>So, as you can probably see, we're starting to get into, I guess, the, not quite the coding stage yet, but we're pretty much at this point now.</p>
<p>We are ready to show things off.</p>
<p>So, we can do that by waiting for that to save.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Let's make sure my work's in the right position now.</p>
<p>That's better.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, we've got the courses section.</p>
<p>I'm going to edit that.</p>
<p>Come in here.</p>
<p>How's identity?</p>
<p>We'll go through this.</p>
<p>For those that watched the video last night or want to catch up, there actually is an SQL that's been added to the project.</p>
<p>So, you'll be able to go into the description and you should be able to see the link to the GitHub repo.</p>
<p>In this SQL folder, there should be the latest update from <a href="http://dbdiagram.io">dbdiagram.io</a>, which has the actual SQL that we used to create these tables.</p>
<p>You can do the same or not.</p>
<p>You can jump in and you can also manually make these.</p>
<p>There's no right or wrong way.</p>
<p>It's just a good way of being able to visualize it before you get going.</p>
<p>And last, let's add that ID.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, this one.</p>
<p>This one, we don't need to actually have the ID yet because this is just a linking table.</p>
<p>I'm not going to leave that as is, which is cool.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>Let's pull up GitHub.</p>
<p>So, with the project, we've done a lot of, I guess, putting stuff together just so that we can actually start getting started.</p>
<p>I know it's quite scary, isn't it, when the fact that we are on the fifth video in the series and we're really only just getting to the point where we can start sort of actually thinking about doing the code itself.</p>
<p>And that's the same with any project.</p>
<p>Anything that has a lot of complications to it or anything like that, it's actually really important that you do a little bit of planning.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, we've got that there.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, in GitHub, you actually have some project management tools and they're tucked away in the project section here.</p>
<p>And by default, there is nothing, no project created yet.</p>
<p>But we can create a new project for this.</p>
<p>Click on the button.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And I'm going to call this LMS.</p>
<p>Project.</p>
<p>I'm going to use the table, probably board view.</p>
<p>That's what I prefer, a Kanban board.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, we create that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And we've got a basic sort of Kanban board structure there that we can now use for our project.</p>
<p>I'm going to do, I've got another one to do.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And we've got the LMS there.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, now it's got this project actually attached against it, which is great.</p>
<p>So, we'd be able to easily see that that's attached.</p>
<p>And we've got three columns here.</p>
<p>We're going to do a hidden progress and a done.</p>
<p>Now, I don't know about you, but I like to actually start sort of thinking about what I'm going to build first, how I'm going to build it, what are the things that I need to do.</p>
<p>And then I just end up with a big to do list.</p>
<p>I'm going to make one more column here.</p>
<p>So, we've got a to do and progress.</p>
<p>That'll make it backlog.</p>
<p>Yeah, I'll make it backlog.</p>
<p>Why am I making a backlog?</p>
<p>This is like things that I may want to build, but I haven't actually decided yet if I'm really going to go through with it.</p>
<p>So, I'm going to make a backlog and I'm going to move that to be in the front here.</p>
<p>Ideas are things to build.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, backlog, whatever I want to think about, I could add to the project.</p>
<p>I can add that to the backlog.</p>
<p>But when I am actually pretty sure that that's actually what I would do, want to build, I'll add it to the to do list.</p>
<p>Sort of like a way to have a big long list of things that maybe we'll get around to do.</p>
<p>So, that's all good.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, we've got a backlog there.</p>
<p>So, I don't need to write anything about that.</p>
<p>We have created the tables that we require.</p>
<p>And let's step back to, I guess, thinking about the project as sort of an MVP.</p>
<p>So, what do we have?</p>
<p>We have at the moment, we don't have a lot actually.</p>
<p>Let's run that so that everyone can see that.</p>
<p>I'm going to run up the dev on the container and I'll load it in the browser.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Not a lot there at the moment.</p>
<p>A homepage and very basic structure.</p>
<p>We've got, I guess, the basics of our project here using XJS.</p>
<p>And it's loading in some CSS at the moment.</p>
<p>We've got a few HTML tags.</p>
<p>Of course, the route where the actual React app is being implemented.</p>
<p>And that's looking cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, for the next part, in the project itself, we had a router.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And in that router, we had a courses page.</p>
<p>Let's see if that's still working actually.</p>
<p>This courses.</p>
<p>What's the route?</p>
<p>Let's see if that works.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, I've got my data.</p>
<p>It doesn't look like it'll be breaking, which is probably a good thing.</p>
<p>But it's not loading anything because we've got no data there.</p>
<p>That's fine.</p>
<p>We'll get to that in a sec.</p>
<p>Thinking about the actual project in its entirety.</p>
<p>What are the key things, I guess, that anything, any sort of project needs?</p>
<p>In a lot of time, it'll be something, you know, the basics.</p>
<p>So we've created a database that we can use in our project.</p>
<p>We've got the foundations, I guess, for the actual React app itself.</p>
<p>So that's using Next.js.</p>
<p>We're going to be using the Radix UI elements in this project.</p>
<p>So we've got a, I guess, a bit of a shortcut there and how we can actually see those.</p>
<p>We're also going to have a, I guess, a way to actually manage the users.</p>
<p>So we're going to have students sign up, of course, and they're going to have to have some way to do that.</p>
<p>So coming in, back to the Kanban board, we can look at it.</p>
<p>And a pretty common thing that you probably need is a sign up page.</p>
<p>Okay, we need a login page.</p>
<p>Okay, what else are we going to need?</p>
<p>We're going to sign up, we're going to log in, essentially a forgot password.</p>
<p>Thinking about all the sort of permutations of what's actually going to be required there.</p>
<p>Sign up page, login page, forgot password, what else are we going to need?</p>
<p>Anything else we can think of?</p>
<p>Top of my head.</p>
<p>I think that should be fine.</p>
<p>We could make a new password.</p>
<p>I should actually be calling these routes rather than pages.</p>
<p>So that we can route the user where they are needed rather than.</p>
<p>Okay, so we can edit the title.</p>
<p>Yeah, forgot password route.</p>
<p>So these are not the components themselves.</p>
<p>This is what I'm thinking of in terms of the routing, in terms of the XJS.</p>
<p>Because we need a way to get to the components that we're going to be seeing.</p>
<p>And we need to be able to actually navigate that, of course, from a URL.</p>
<p>And why do we do this?</p>
<p>Well, there's a couple of good things.</p>
<p>Why we actually set up all these routes and the like.</p>
<p>So a good thing about any sort of website, it's a really good idea to think about all the routes in terms of your HTML is something that you can actually pass off to another application.</p>
<p>The great thing about links is you can embed them in, say, a message, or you can embed them in an email.</p>
<p>When a user clicks on those, the user would be redirected to that part on the website.</p>
<p>And it's better than, I guess, having stage controlling all the different routes.</p>
<p>Instead, we can use the URL, which is something that stays the same in this, in the actual sort of URL bar in a browser, and take advantage of that to hold our state of where the actual user has navigated to.</p>
<p>And that's probably a key thing about websites is that they have this inbuilt state there, this really clever process of the URL.</p>
<p>Very simplistic, but really powerful when you think about what you can do with a URL in terms of being able to direct someone to do something.</p>
<p>We can look at the URL that we've got here for the GitHub project.</p>
<p>And we can see it's got, of course, the domain to get to the site.</p>
<p>The users, so it's got the Andrew James 4 there, that's my GitHub username.</p>
<p>It's got projects, it's got a number 4, so that's obviously the project number 4 that's been created.</p>
<p>And you've even got like a view there, it's got like an identifier of one, and it's actually even got some parameters there.</p>
<p>So before we change some of these, we may actually, let's see what happens to our state.</p>
<p>We should get some changes.</p>
<p>Yeah, so now we don't see the actual issue itself.</p>
<p>Once we click on it, we can see the issue, we can see the item ID.</p>
<p>If I click on to some of these others, of course the ID changes.</p>
<p>So very powerful, I think, a URL.</p>
<p>It's probably something we don't think about a lot, but it's really important to think about it in terms of you'd be able to send someone an email to say, hey, you forgot your password.</p>
<p>So when you go for that whole process of a forgot password route, then we can actually get them to go to the direct form that they need to go to, maybe to reset that password.</p>
<p>And it's all at all at really important parts of building web applications.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got a signup page, I've got a logon page route, I've got a forgot password route, I've got a new password route.</p>
<p>So these are the actual routes themselves.</p>
<p>So there's a little bit of boilerplates we need to do for that in terms of with the Next.js documentation.</p>
<p>So previously we had, of course, the page folder, so you have the folder name.</p>
<p>So you can have like a signup route folder name.</p>
<p>And in that route, you could have the page.</p>
<p>js file, which would actually be, I guess, the routing page to it.</p>
<p>And then you could, of course, load components after that with the likes of React.</p>
<p>Okay, so I've got these routes here, I've got the project.</p>
<p>So we should be able to, let's quickly switch to that.</p>
<p>Okay, you should be able to see the project itself.</p>
<p>Okay, so this is my last sort of changes I did from last night around the ERD diagram.</p>
<p>So I've got a link there to <a href="http://dbdiagram.io">dbdiagram.io</a> and the markdown file.</p>
<p>And I've got a link to the extensions and a little bit of help here, where this is all located, a link to the playlist, etc.</p>
<p>So that's still being updated.</p>
<p>The project's running at the moment, you can see I've got it running under a dev container for my project.</p>
<p>So I've got a docker running and the actual project is running like so.</p>
<p>Now let's go to the courses folder.</p>
<p>So with this, I've got a page.</p>
<p>js.</p>
<p>And in here, I've got a basically the courses heading, some way of getting the data and putting that onto the page.</p>
<p>So like again, talking about the routes there.</p>
<p>So in the case of a sign up or sign out, we were going to have to do all those kind of steps.</p>
<p>And we're likely enough to have a login page, I believe already.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got this pre-configured.</p>
<p>I believe this is from the template.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And we've also got, you can see there, you've got some form actions.</p>
<p>So we've got the, I guess the behind the scenes, the sign up, the sign out.</p>
<p>So you've got all this logic here in terms of the API and the actual project already as part of the boilerplate.</p>
<p>Okay, and we've got a sign in.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got a login already.</p>
<p>Let's check that.</p>
<p>Let's actually have a look at that in the actual browser itself.</p>
<p>It's always paged actually, get a sort of lay of land.</p>
<p>What actually is happening?</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Nice.</p>
<p>Okay, so they've got, they've actually got the same page for the login, sign in and sign up, which is actually not a bad place.</p>
<p>I'm probably going to want some extra details going by what we had for the students table.</p>
<p>So we will need the email.</p>
<p>We will need their password, but we will also need the likes of their first name and last name, just to personalize parts of the actual application itself.</p>
<p>So we can do that.</p>
<p>And so if I tried to sign in now, it's got some basic validation there on the actual code.</p>
<p>Sorry, you probably can't see that.</p>
<p>So I'll switch to that.</p>
<p>My problem is here.</p>
<p>Glad you're enjoying it.</p>
<p>Of course, you can always catch up on the streams anyway.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got the signup page.</p>
<p>You guys can see that.</p>
<p>Okay, that's a bit better.</p>
<p>Much easier to see now.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Typical.</p>
<p>My chat started to not work.</p>
<p>That's okay.</p>
<p>I might just open that another window.</p>
<p>It might be easier.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Really important.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got the login form.</p>
<p>So we should be able to see that, like I said before, sign in, sign up.</p>
<p>Basics of what we need.</p>
<p>Let's check what the back button does.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>That's just going to go back to the history, which is not bad at all.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So a lot of that is kind of done for us.</p>
<p>I'm going to probably change that.</p>
<p>That's okay.</p>
<p>We can change this later.</p>
<p>I'm still going to keep these login page out and I'm going to also keep the signup page out.</p>
<p>I'm a big fan of actually having separate routes for each of those.</p>
<p>And that's okay.</p>
<p>We'll leave it as like that for now.</p>
<p>So we will need that sort of signup route.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And let's go to the.</p>
<p>I guess what are the next things we need?</p>
<p>Well, going by our project, you can see it's very, very basic.</p>
<p>We don't have to go, we've got any sort of elements as such here.</p>
<p>We've literally got a main here.</p>
<p>We've got a title and that's about it.</p>
<p>So there's nothing really that we can sort of see in our sort of design here.</p>
<p>Now did we, let's go back to the project itself.</p>
<p>In the case of earlier on, we did do some designing.</p>
<p>So where is that?</p>
<p>Let's find it.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Open up this project.</p>
<p>Not easy to find.</p>
<p>I'm going to go and actually I'll just have a quick look through my channel.</p>
<p>I believe I actually added it onto one of the videos of course.</p>
<p>I've created transcripts for all my videos.</p>
<p>So let's go back and actually have a look at it.</p>
<p>So we had the LMS with this basic design here.</p>
<p>I don't believe that we do any.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>Wireframes are here.</p>
<p>Perfect.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So going back to our design, it's very very simplistic.</p>
<p>We've got our sign up form and we've already started to actually change, I guess, some of these pages.</p>
<p>Sign up here with course overview.</p>
<p>It's looking cool.</p>
<p>This is a great thing of why you document things.</p>
<p>I could just quickly go back to my transcript there and grab that link.</p>
<p>That's there.</p>
<p>Able for you guys to be able to jump through and have a look at it as well.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>So got the course detail.</p>
<p>So overview.</p>
<p>We've got the sign up and login.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>We have done it very much the same.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>It's a good thing to go back to our designs here.</p>
<p>This is the problem, I guess, of going over something that I haven't come back to in a couple of weeks, which is all good.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got the LinkedIn there, Microsoft, Google, etc.</p>
<p>Blah blah blah.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got that there.</p>
<p>Thinking about it in terms of like basic structure.</p>
<p>We're going to need a header and that header we're going to need a logo and that header we're going to need a menu.</p>
<p>So a nav bar of some sort.</p>
<p>And we're also going to need a footer.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So let's actually start making those into some more tickets.</p>
<p>Again, so I'm going to make a header component like so.</p>
<p>And in that I'm going to have a logo title.</p>
<p>Got some quickly be back in a sec.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Now, since you're getting into a very very specific category, you're going to want to start with the same category.</p>
<p>You're going to want to start with a different category.</p>
<p>Now, you're going to want to start with the same category.</p>
<p>So, you're going to want to start with the same category.</p>
<p>Okay, it's going to have a Nav component.</p>
<p>We're also going to need something that's probably pretty common to what most people want in any project is a footer and like so.</p>
<p>What else we need?</p>
<p>Foot and Nav.</p>
<p>Might just rename this one.</p>
<p>I'm calling it a header.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got a header, footer, foot navigation.</p>
<p>Okay, so a lot of it I guess is the planning stages and a good place probably to start is this login page route.</p>
<p>What I can do, we're going to need a header anyway.</p>
<p>Going back to Excalidraw and our designs here.</p>
<p>So, we've got the header following the user all the way through from the links of the homepage, the signup page, login page, course overview, course detail.</p>
<p>So, again, this is a component that we're going to use throughout the actual application.</p>
<p>So, it's a good place probably to start with that login page because then we can actually then start showing the user to be signed in.</p>
<p>There'll probably be some sort of way to show the user that they are logged in or not.</p>
<p>Maybe to get to settings that they want to have for their specific user.</p>
<p>Do they want a light mode or dark mode or something like that?</p>
<p>We can do something like that.</p>
<p>That's all stuff to think about in the future and so we don't forget about it.</p>
<p>I'm just going to add a, just like you've got here, you can see in the avatar, we've got the avatar.</p>
<p>We can do an avatar component and that's just to show that when someone's logged in they know who they're logged in as and it's obvious to the user.</p>
<p>Okay, so sitting in my backlog, it's not sitting in the do, that means it's not, it doesn't mean that I'm not going to do it, it just means that I'm not going to do it right now.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So, we can start off with two things.</p>
<p>We could start off with creating the route, which is fine for the login, that, but I think it'll probably even go, even back a step and just go maybe focus on that header component.</p>
<p>Okay, I think that's probably a really good place to start, you know, at the top of the page and with that header component, it's going to require to have that logo title component and the header nav component.</p>
<p>We'll leave the avatar for the time being, but that way at least we have something to do it.</p>
<p>Now I've done something that I probably shouldn't have done.</p>
<p>The idea of a backlog as well is to be able to fill in all the description that you're going to add to the tickets.</p>
<p>So, I might just move these back for the time being and we'll start off with just the header component there.</p>
<p>Okay, so what is it?</p>
<p>We want to give it a decent description here.</p>
<p>Okay, let's see if we can get a little edit.</p>
<p>Okay, we've got some markdown.</p>
<p>Okay, a React header component contains header components like logo and navigation.</p>
<p>We'll show on every page.</p>
<p>Okay, so this needs to be able to be seen everywhere.</p>
<p>We also need it to, going back looking at our Scala drawer here, we need it to be responsive.</p>
<p>So, the other things it's going to require is that responsive design, mobile, tablet and desktop.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>What else do we need?</p>
<p>We've got the responsive design, we'll show on every page and web app, responsive design, mobile, tablet, desktop, a React header component contains header components like logo and navigation can be themed.</p>
<p>So, we don't forget about that.</p>
<p>So we add some color to it or something like that, but we need to be able to make it so we can do that.</p>
<p>We'll look at that, I guess, with the Radix UI libraries for it.</p>
<p>And what else could we add here?</p>
<p>That's going to help us build this.</p>
<p>That's all we've got so far.</p>
<p>That's okay.</p>
<p>We can update that comment.</p>
<p>Let's just make this into a list.</p>
<p>Again, we've got the power of mark down here.</p>
<p>So, we can do that.</p>
<p>It can be themed.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got the Radix UI there.</p>
<p>We'll add that to the logo, but I was going to add, say, the logo needs to be able to have a link, I guess, to the actual main URL of the page.</p>
<p>But we'll add that to the actual logo itself.</p>
<p>Likewise, for the navigation, there'll be a home link.</p>
<p>We'll show you our new page on the web app.</p>
<p>What else do we need to think about?</p>
<p>I think that's pretty much it.</p>
<p>I'm going to update that comment.</p>
<p>Okay, so it's in the tutorial here.</p>
<p>Like so.</p>
<p>By default, these items are just drafts.</p>
<p>So we can actually do the conversion there to an issue.</p>
<p>The great thing about that is it's now going to allow us to attach it to a project.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got project name, LMS next.</p>
<p>js, and we've got a number one there.</p>
<p>So this is our first ticket.</p>
<p>Oftentimes, there might be a component.</p>
<p>It could be a configuration set up.</p>
<p>It could be something else like that.</p>
<p>It could be a range of things.</p>
<p>But at this point, I'm just going to leave it at that for a header component.</p>
<p>Okay, let's go and take a look at, instead, the structure of the project.</p>
<p>So I'll switch to that.</p>
<p>Okay, so now let's have a look.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got a few pages.</p>
<p>I'm going to close all these just to keep it clear.</p>
<p>Now, I've got a components folder.</p>
<p>I've got a logout button.</p>
<p>But that's about it for the time being.</p>
<p>So we can actually add, I guess, our header components to here.</p>
<p>It's going to make a new file.</p>
<p>And I'm just going to call it header.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Next.</p>
<p>js, React and React.</p>
<p>I hit HTML tag.</p>
<p>So I'll view the chat.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got our own folder.</p>
<p>And I'm going to do that.</p>
<p>It's just like my little junior developer.</p>
<p>Okay, so I've got a nice little function here.</p>
<p>I can copy that.</p>
<p>It's probably a little bit hard to see with my face in the way.</p>
<p>Let's make it a little bit bigger.</p>
<p>But basically, what it's doing, I just quickly chatted to to copilot there.</p>
<p>It's going to make sort of the basics there of what I need for the project.</p>
<p>And like so, I'm not sure I actually need to do that.</p>
<p>I don't like this function layout.</p>
<p>I can probably do it more like this one here.</p>
<p>We've got the export default.</p>
<p>It's probably a little bit tidier.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And we can get rid of that now.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>It didn't quite do what I wanted.</p>
<p>It's got just a div for that.</p>
<p>I want an actual semantic HTML tag for that.</p>
<p>So I'm going to use the actual header tag and replace that div.</p>
<p>And we've got the start of our here.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Looks like I'm about to run out of time.</p>
<p>Let's sort of take stock of where we're at.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So what have we done today?</p>
<p>We started planning.</p>
<p>So we've actually started to plan what we're actually going to build.</p>
<p>So going back to the project, we've now got a Kanban board underway.</p>
<p>We are now in progress.</p>
<p>So let's move that ticket to there.</p>
<p>And we've got that header component is underway.</p>
<p>I've started to create that Js file.</p>
<p>And it's got just basically the header in it.</p>
<p>And we need to basically continue from there.</p>
<p>But we will come back in another time.</p>
<p>So please like and subscribe to my channel.</p>
<p>It gives me an indication of the people liking this and people want to keep following along.</p>
<p>Please share with any friends that are wanting to code as well.</p>
<p>It's hopefully beneficial to everyone to watch these videos.</p>
<p>And it's going to be helpful in getting that sort of mindset of how to build an app.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So thank you again for your time.</p>
<p>And I will see you next time.</p>
<p>Bye.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
<p><em>Please note this transcript was edited for clarity.</em></p>
Build a Full-Stack web app with Next.js - Part 4 - DB Design2023-10-13T15:45:33Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/build-a-full-stack-next-js-db-design/<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/ATzgqzyTtL-320.e4dd6c9989.avif 320w, /static/ATzgqzyTtL-720.48b512933f.avif 720w, /static/ATzgqzyTtL-1024.d32d50ac79.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/ATzgqzyTtL-320.369d3d439c.webp 320w, /static/ATzgqzyTtL-720.9f98af1dc1.webp 720w, /static/ATzgqzyTtL-1024.3dbf29a584.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/ATzgqzyTtL-320.203724dc58.png 320w, /static/ATzgqzyTtL-720.affbdf7bd5.png 720w, /static/ATzgqzyTtL-1024.73a4a5d00e.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/jpeg" srcset="/static/ATzgqzyTtL-320.a022f469a4.jpeg 320w, /static/ATzgqzyTtL-720.217eaa60f9.jpeg 720w, /static/ATzgqzyTtL-1024.96d0d24358.jpeg 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="&quot;A web full-stack app built with NextJS&quot; / Bing Image Creator" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/ATzgqzyTtL-320.a022f469a4.jpeg" width="1024" height="1024"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">"A web full-stack app built with NextJS" / Bing Image Creator</figcaption></figure>
<p>The following is a transcript of my live stream on Oct 12, 2023 on Building a Full-Stack web app with Next.js. This is part 4 of the series. In this video, I started the design of the database for our app. I used <a href="http://dbdiagram.io">dbdiagram.io</a> to design our database, using DBML and denoted the relation ships between tables. Using the export option I quickly created the tables in our ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) on Supabase.</p>
<p>The project is available on <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/lms-nextjs">GitHub as LMS NextJS</a>.</p>
<p>DB diagram available <a href="https://dbdiagram.io/d/LMS-Entity-Relationship-Diagram-636c1a0bc9abfc6111717fda">on dbdiagram.io</a>.</p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4uPQxMDKSUU?si=8TkxNPCrNoEf8pxS" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<hr>
<p>Okay, looks like we're live.</p>
<p>Okay, all right.</p>
<p>Okay, hi there.</p>
<p>I'm Andrew, by the way, for those who don't know me, and I've been running this series on building a full stack web app with with Next.js.</p>
<p>And so the whole idea is to make an app from scratch using Next.js.</p>
<p>We're going to use Superbase for the database, and we're going to go through the whole planning process and getting everything ready together, and go over some of the theory, of course, of why we should do things the way I am showing you.</p>
<p>Of course, open to suggestions, not the VLN handle.</p>
<p>This is just one way to do it.</p>
<p>So let's just jump into it, I think.</p>
<p>So today's stream is going to be working on the design of a database.</p>
<p>So not actually building it as such in any code or anything like that.</p>
<p>going to use a tool called DB diagram and we're going to use that to help us design the database that we're going to put together for our LMS and we have a super base.</p>
<p>Okay let's jump straight into that.</p>
<p>So they're going to be pretty much sitting in Chrome for this whole demo.</p>
<p>And I've gone here to DB diagram right here.</p>
<p>So you can use this so free tool.</p>
<p>I've used this many times in the past.</p>
<p>I'm sure many of my past students remember going through using this.</p>
<p>But it basically allows you to draw entity relationship diagrams in a nice little web tool and we'll just start getting into it I think.</p>
<p>So let's sort of think back and sort of cast our minds back to what we've done previously.</p>
<p>So we have created a table for Superbase and it's sitting here in the Table Editor and we've got a courses table.</p>
<p>OK, so this is basically a table that we started last stream, which was about two weeks ago now.</p>
<p>And in it we have a name and a description and an image for the course.</p>
<p>and we can ID.</p>
<p>So we can use that as one of the part of the design that we're going to be working on.</p>
<p>So let's jump straight to DPDiagram and sort of get our heads in the game about how we're going to design this database.</p>
<p>Okay so it's got a pretty simple format, you log in, you can use github login which is handy of course not having to create another account again and it's got like a basic demo here and it's talking about a product category and a product image and it's a nice sort of starting block there and it shows sort of the relationship here between these three tables So these are not the tables that we're going to use, but this is a good place to start so that we can sort of see how the tool works.</p>
<p>So the tool is very much a.</p>
<p>it's a representation of the database's tables and those relationships between them.</p>
<p>It has the keys, it has the IDs, it has the different types of the data restorative and it's all represented in a nice clean easy to sort of follow tool.</p>
<p>So let's clear this out so that we're starting from scratch.</p>
<p>Okay so once I do that it's now got no tables in there.</p>
<p>Okay and so we've got the courses table which is what I was showing before.</p>
<p>So we can have a table, you don't need to know so much the syntax for this, it does have a bit of help here in the documentation.</p>
<p>but you can get along pretty far just by sort of following the examples.</p>
<p>Okay so give it a table name.</p>
<p>So this isn't SQL as such, it's just a language that's used for the dp-diagram.</p>
<p>io.</p>
<p>I'm trying to remember what it is off the top of my head.</p>
<p>I think it's DBML.</p>
<p>Yes, DBML is a syntax for defining a database.</p>
<p>So, Open Source Markout Language User Defined Database Schema Structure.</p>
<p>DBML is also developed by the team behind DB diagram.</p>
<p>So, all the help's in here.</p>
<p>It's got the actual outline there of a basic table structure and how to do this relationship of some of the next page there.</p>
<p>So let's go back to our diagram.</p>
<p>So we've got a table, we've got courses.</p>
<p>Next one I was showing before in the UI for Superbase.</p>
<p>Again it's a very sort of simple sort of markup kind of language.</p>
<p>So you've got the table name using a plural there for courses.</p>
<p>And I need to have an ID.</p>
<p>So I'm going to have a course ID.</p>
<p>This is going to be a integer.</p>
<p>So let's make sure that we do that the correct way.</p>
<p>So it's an integer like that, int.</p>
<p>And we can have the primary key there.</p>
<p>That's what the PK stands for.</p>
<p>So if we go like that.</p>
<p>OK, it's got a little key icon there for the cross ID.</p>
<p>So that's very much like what we've got for our existing table here.</p>
<p>So the next field in there is a created at.</p>
<p>Again, created it and this is going to be a timestamp.</p>
<p>I believe that's the right type.</p>
<p>So timestamp, whenever a row is added to this table, it's going to get the timestamp placed on it and so that we know when that record was actually created.</p>
<p>Okay so we then got back to let's have a double check again we've got the name of archer and the description a text okay so again name so this is the name of the course.</p>
<p>Name is a reserved word you can use use that word in this context so I could actually just just change it to a course name.</p>
<p>That actually might be a better descriptive name of it and it's gonna stop any sort of confusion there.</p>
<p>We're gonna know when it's a name and it says course_name that it is of the course table.</p>
<p>And we can give it a varchar like so.</p>
<p>Okay so we've got the course ID created at course name and the Vacha.</p>
<p>I'm gonna have a description.</p>
<p>Okay so this is description for our course.</p>
<p>Okay I'm gonna use the text type here because I expect this to be more like a paragraph of content.</p>
<p>With Vacha it's I guess more for a limited name.</p>
<p>Ideally, it's sort of, our child will probably store less bytes in their records.</p>
<p>Not that that's such a big issue these days in the past.</p>
<p>That is something that people would stress about because, wow, RAM was expensive and so was this space.</p>
<p>So thankfully, that has changed from there.</p>
<p>And so we can have a image as well and this is going to be a VARCHA and it's going to point to some sort of hosting that we will talk about at a latest point.</p>
<p>But for the time being it's just going to be a VARCHA.</p>
<p>It could be an actual direct link to where the image is actually located.</p>
<p>Okay, all right so that's going to have our ID for the course, the created app, course name, description and the image there.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got one table and that courses table, I mean it's a key part of our LMS.</p>
<p>You need to have a course to be able to learn from, So it's really important that we have this table as part of our MVP.</p>
<p>So let's continue on.</p>
<p>I know we need, with anything with a course, you could have maybe a course section.</p>
<p>So you've got the course itself but you need the actual content for each part of it.</p>
<p>So what we can do now is a table again for the courses section.</p>
<p>So courses section.</p>
<p>Like that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And so this courses section is going to need a ID.</p>
<p>So we can have a section ID, integer again, primary key, like so.</p>
<p>And we can do the most important part about it is that we can have a relationship there for the courses to the courses section.</p>
<p>So we can have the course ID as an int.</p>
<p>And we're also going to need, I guess, something to go into our courses section.</p>
<p>So we'll have-- what we could really have.</p>
<p>So a section could be maybe it's some text, it could be just a sort of a free-form text area.</p>
<p>So we could have section itself and the content.</p>
<p>OK, so say I see like a section would be like a page in the course.</p>
<p>So we can give it a title.</p>
<p>Title would probably be good.</p>
<p>Something like that.</p>
<p>Vacher will have the course itself and we'll have a section of where it is and we'll also need probably something they probably haven't thought about is something like an order.</p>
<p>So we're going to have the order for the section.</p>
<p>So what do I mean by that?</p>
<p>So imagine you've got a book and the book would be a course and in that course you'd have the book and it would have in it it would have pages and each page could have like a title, it could have the order so like which page it's on so this could be the order so one to you know 100, 150, 300 whatever how many pages your course is going to be.</p>
<p>So by having an order there we can shuffle stuff around if we want want to at a later date, which is going to be handy for people administrating the course.</p>
<p>So they're going to need to have some way of being able to order that section.</p>
<p>So imagine we've got the courses page.</p>
<p>They're going to have a landing page for that course.</p>
<p>They go into the course.</p>
<p>They go to the first page.</p>
<p>And it would be the one that would have the first item by order.</p>
<p>So it would be the first order there.</p>
<p>And then it would display the title, hopefully.</p>
<p>And we'll just leave, I think, that section at that.</p>
<p>Because we're going to do the next part in my table structure.</p>
<p>So I'm going to have-- I've got a courses.</p>
<p>I've got a courses section.</p>
<p>I'm going to have a courses media.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>OK, so this is going to be, I guess, the actual content itself that sits inside a section.</p>
<p>OK, so it's going to have a media ID.</p>
<p>This is getting, I guess, relatively complex pretty quickly.</p>
<p>This is why we're doing it as a diagram so that we can get it clearly in our head about what we're actually trying to do.</p>
<p>So we're going to have the Media ID, the section ID, and we're going to have the Course ID.</p>
<p>No, we don't need the Course ID, do we?</p>
<p>Why do we not need the Course ID?</p>
<p>Because we've already got the Course ID in the section, so if the courses media is linked to the section there, then we should be fine.</p>
<p>Okay, so I've got the Media ID, Section ID, and then I'm going to have an image.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And.</p>
<p>I'm actually not going to do that.</p>
<p>I'm going to do the actual section content.</p>
<p>So this will be the content.</p>
<p>I'm just going to have it as a text area.</p>
<p>Thinking I'm going to use sort of markdown for this, but I'm still in the early stages of planning out the app.</p>
<p>And that's OK.</p>
<p>We can change it later.</p>
<p>This is the first part of our planning.</p>
<p>We don't have to get too caught up on the details too far yet.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>So you can auto-arrange that, so just that, oh, I've got them in the middle there.</p>
<p>That auto-arrange, all the tables there for us.</p>
<p>So it's starting to get that sort of visual look and feel so we can actually start getting an idea of how this is actually going to work for us.</p>
<p>OK, so we've got the courses, the courses section, the courses media.</p>
<p>also going to need some comments I believe.</p>
<p>So what we can do is we can have that again another table and we can have our courses.</p>
<p>This is going to be the comments table.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got this courses comments.</p>
<p>We need to link, we're going to link the comments to the media, and the media is going to be linked to the section, and the section is going to be linked to the course row.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got the courses comments.</p>
<p>So I'm going to have 'comment ID', again, another primary key, like so.</p>
<p>And we are going to have the student.</p>
<p>So I'm going to put the student ID in.</p>
<p>And I'm going to put the comment itself.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're going to do a basic structure here now for our courses.</p>
<p>We talked about that we want students to be able to enroll into these courses.</p>
<p>So we need to also probably have some way of recording how that's done.</p>
<p>There's a couple of different ways we can do that.</p>
<p>We'll come back to that because I think it's probably important now that we start showing some of these relationships between these four tables so that we get an understanding of how this data is all going to be tied together.</p>
<p>And this is the biggest reason why we use the entity relationship diagram.</p>
<p>It just makes it easier for us to understand what the relationships are between the different tables there.</p>
<p>It's got a really basic sort of structure here.</p>
<p>So you've actually got two ways to do this according to the docs here.</p>
<p>So you can do your relationship like so with the ref there pointing to the other table.</p>
<p>Or you can use for the likes of a many to one relationship.</p>
<p>you can do the same of having it in line instead and you can see here it's very similar syntax, it's just that it's got a square brackets around that.</p>
<p>Okay so let's grab this one, we don't really need the first part of it but basically we have, we're going to have a very much a one-to-many.</p>
<p>So let's think about this.</p>
<p>Let's look at this diagram and get a sort of head around this.</p>
<p>So it's saying we've got a many-to-one relationship.</p>
<p>Okay so in the code here it's got a reference here, many-to-one like so.</p>
<p>Okay so we could have the same.</p>
<p>So we could have our course ID like so.</p>
<p>And so there's a couple of two different ways that you can see that I've done this.</p>
<p>So now it's representing that sort of link between the two.</p>
<p>So I've just dragged between one to the other.</p>
<p>It's around the wrong way.</p>
<p>I'm going to do.</p>
<p>So I'm going to have many sections for many Ds.</p>
<p>So I'm going to go the other way there.</p>
<p>So it better, you can see there when I highlight it, you know, it shows one and the star, star being many, so one to many.</p>
<p>So I've got one course ID, it's going to have many sections.</p>
<p>So the course ID here, this is not going to be a primary key, there's going to be multiple versions that will be same course ID for all the different sort of pages that we're going to have on our course.</p>
<p>Okay so let's have a look at that.</p>
<p>So we've got courses, we've got the courses linking from to the section.</p>
<p>We now need the.</p>
<p>again same sort of thing.</p>
<p>So you can drag and drop that and we'll do those lines for you.</p>
<p>You could write this up, anyway there's nothing stopping you from doing that kind of beauty of this tool is that you know you've got a GUI for when you want to use it and you've also got a quite nice markup language that's easy to share.</p>
<p>Another good thing about this having it be all sort of a markup language that's not specific you can actually this is this is independent of database it is.</p>
<p>So in the case of our project we are using Superbase which is basically a hosted Postgres database.</p>
<p>So we can make it export this to some Postgres SQL or flavor of Postgres SQL but this dbml language is actually to the database agnostic so we could maybe even export the same thing for the links of MySQL or Microsoft SQL as well I believe.</p>
<p>Okay so we've got the courses, I've got the courses section, courses media and we're gonna have the comment ID.</p>
<p>What did I miss?</p>
<p>I know what I missed.</p>
<p>I didn't have anything in my courses comments.</p>
<p>Well we have an ID, we don't have any way to link that back to the media itself.</p>
<p>Okay so let's add that.</p>
<p>Idea ID.</p>
<p>Cool, okay and then we are going to then link that MediaID from here to there.</p>
<p>Like that, cool and so if we auto-arrange it, I'll tidy that out nicely for us.</p>
<p>Okay, so now we're starting to get that sort of structure there, so we can have you know one section can have many media items in it and of course a media item can have many comments against it.</p>
<p>So the students would be able to you know maybe ask questions or they could maybe tag their instructor or just try and get some clarification or maybe put something in a way that they understand it better.</p>
<p>So that way of course then the course in question is going to actually be make a lot more sense to a lot more people.</p>
<p>Okay so we have the courses, course section, course media and the courses comments.</p>
<p>You go a little bit of a little bit of play here, you can choose which colour your actual the theming I guess for the diagram is so we can do the same where we can Have a whole lot of the structure of tables here and that To me I guess the one of the key Tables that we're going to require There's one that's going to have the students information Okay, so students information again Something like that.</p>
<p>We are going to need a student ID.</p>
<p>Like so.</p>
<p>Again, primary key.</p>
<p>And we are going to have created it.</p>
<p>I missed that on some of our other tables.</p>
<p>Probably thinking why do you need to create it on all these tables?</p>
<p>The good thing about a database is by having this extra metadata around it, not only do we have the information about what record was being added, knowing when is actually going to be helpful as well.</p>
<p>So maybe we have an error log in our application and we could actually then draw back through the created at records there.</p>
<p>So we might be able to see if there was an issue there with that table that could give us some insight there.</p>
<p>To that, we've got auditing.</p>
<p>So a big thing about a lot of apps and the like is it's very helpful to know when something happened or something was recorded.</p>
<p>So having that created at timestamp with the buffer date and the time there plus the, normally it's stored in a format which is like UGC or something of a likes so that it's universal time and all the calculations can be converted to a local time zone if needed.</p>
<p>So we've got students, student ID created at, we will also need I guess a big first thing that someone needs, a person or a human or a student, in this case is going to be their first name.</p>
<p>And I'm going to give that a voucher.</p>
<p>I can give my last name.</p>
<p>Again voucher and I'm also going to give them a email because I need some sort of form of connecting their accounts and getting notifications etc.</p>
<p>Okay so we've got the ID created at the first name, last name, email etc.</p>
<p>Okay so we've now got our students table.</p>
<p>Going back to our comments, we actually had the student ID here so we would expect there to be a link there between the student ID and the comment.</p>
<p>Ok so they need to, we know then that this table now is linked via IDs here and why have we done it this way?</p>
<p>Well the big thing that remember is with databases and the like, we try to make our data so that it can easily be updated or changed.</p>
<p>It's common these days for people if they get married or in a civil union etc they may change their last name so it would be annoying if you had to repeat the first name and last name on all the comments so that when that user updates their details, then we'd have to go into multiple records there and I'll take those records if we were storing their first name and last name.</p>
<p>But instead of course we're storing the student ID.</p>
<p>So we're storing instead the link between this table and the other and that's it.</p>
<p>Which means that if we do change, If they need to change their last name or first name or email address, they can do so and they are only going to have to update it in one record and not across the entire database.</p>
<p>Alright, okay, so we've got the courses.</p>
<p>I'm going to actually get this different colour just to make it a little bit easier for us to easily visually see that.</p>
<p>Oh, looks like I don't get that feature.</p>
<p>a shame.</p>
<p>So that's one of the pro features there.</p>
<p>Not to worry, we can still see that.</p>
<p>Okay so we've got the courses, courses section, courses of media, courses comments, we've got students and we're going to need some way of tracking, I guess the progress of where our students granularity, we would I want to actually record where the student got up to.</p>
<p>I could have it right down to the media itself, but I think that that's probably too low into the details.</p>
<p>I'd probably be okay if we just did just track the progress of the student as maybe they got to page two or page three of the course.</p>
<p>So the section is where I probably want my granularity at.</p>
<p>So each student is going to need a progression.</p>
<p>So what we can do for that is we can create a Students progress table, I think I think that's what we'll call it Table students progress Okay, so this is going to record like I said The student the course that they're on and what section that they are up to okay, so Good thing for this is we probably can get away with the one record per student per course and that way we should be fine in that regards to just track that.</p>
<p>So we can do, so we've got the student ID, We're going to have the course section ID, so we're going to need what section ID that they're up to.</p>
<p>And then after that, we're going to need to have a Hi there in the chat, I just noticed, sorry.</p>
<p>And we're going to need to have, of course, the, we know what's last may be modified.</p>
<p>I think that would be a good one to have and of course the course ID.</p>
<p>I missed that out, that's pretty important.</p>
<p>So again, this whole record is going to be made up of these three things.</p>
<p>It's going to be the ID, the course ID, those are the two main records there that we're sort of interested in and section ID I guess will actually be their progress.</p>
<p>Created it, that would be handy to have some auditing there, somewhere they first started.</p>
<p>And again thinking about sort of auditing again, modified at again, this is going to be so when say like the section ID would change.</p>
<p>So I'd sort of see it that this table would be tracking the progress of a student.</p>
<p>Again it's linked up between the course ID And it's going to be linked to the student.</p>
<p>Okay, and so we're going to have this sort of relationship here between.</p>
<p>Move that out of the way, make it a little bit easier, see?</p>
<p>Between the student there and their progress.</p>
<p>Okay, so I'd see that their section ID would change as they traverse through the course.</p>
<p>they go to the next page, we could then record the following section ID and then we could also update the modified at time stamps so that we keep in that progression there.</p>
<p>So that when a student comes back in, maybe the first time that they come into the landing page, we have their listed courses and a sort of resume button to resume from where they were last on the course.</p>
<p>Cool, okay so it's starting to really all come together now.</p>
<p>Be careful, don't you want to go back and lose any of our progress?</p>
<p>But you know it looks like it's nicely arranged that for us again.</p>
<p>Okay so just double checking on that.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>I'm going to give it a name.</p>
<p>It's always good to name stuff.</p>
<p>this is our LMS entity relationship diagram.</p>
<p>I hope so I can spell.</p>
<p>there we go, relationship diagram.</p>
<p>So it's looking a bit better.</p>
<p>Cool, okay.</p>
<p>Okay, we're pretty happy with that.</p>
<p>This looking, you know, we can now visually see on our head how this all this data structure is now all laid out.</p>
<p>We've got a nice little diagram for it.</p>
<p>It's good to document these kind of things.</p>
<p>Sometimes, you know, you don't have to use of course this tool.</p>
<p>Maybe it's easier for you just to sketch this out on a piece of paper.</p>
<p>But this is something that will, you know, sort of helps cement in your head, how you're going to have that actually structure of the data there.</p>
<p>Okay so let's actually go to, well the thing I love most about this tool is it's got an ability there to export some PostgreSQL here.</p>
<p>So you can export it, you can export this as a PDF, PNG, CNG.</p>
<p>So you can put that into say your documentation.</p>
<p>Maybe you put it into a wiki, will you read me or something like that?</p>
<p>You can do that but you can also use the dvml to generate the Postgres SQL that you're going to need to be able to create your tables.</p>
<p>Okay, I just noticed a typo I've got there That might help, it's not an it, it's an int.</p>
<p>Okay so it's an integer.</p>
<p>Okay so let's do that and what we can do now, so let's just have a look here at the 'Ft-Q's'.</p>
<p>I think there was any more details about that.</p>
<p>No it doesn't like it.</p>
<p>So you can go into here, you can export your Postgres SQL.</p>
<p>Okay so that's gone and downloaded that for me.</p>
<p>I'm going to open that in another screen.</p>
<p>Okay so coming back to Superbasis itself, we've got the likes of a table already created for our courses.</p>
<p>Okay so what we can do now, it has a great little tool here, so you've got the actual, you've got the table editor itself but you've also got the SQL editor.</p>
<p>So if we open up that, now we've got a basically a free area where in a web app we can go and add our table.</p>
<p>First thing we're going to do because I've made probably a few little changes, I think to my courses.</p>
<p>I'm just going to actually just drop that table.</p>
<p>That's okay.</p>
<p>Dropping off the cascade there, so I can delete all that.</p>
<p>I shouldn't have been in any cascade anyway because there's nothing linked between them but why not.</p>
<p>Okay so like I said we exported the SQL there from our DBML So let's have take a look at it here.</p>
<p>So we've got the courses table if you can see it slightly changed the DBML to the Postgres SQL flavor of SQL So looking that Between the two so you got courses ID there primary key.</p>
<p>It's a slightly different But it actually you know, it's still very easy to read SQL as one of those languages But isn't too far from English there It's not a big stretch To be able to easily follow Okay, so we've got the courses.</p>
<p>We've got the courses section got the section ID the course ID the integer title Vacher order again media That's okay.</p>
<p>Of course it's comments.</p>
<p>Students and the students progress.</p>
<p>If we follow down here, you can see where it's got the alter table and it's altering the table name.</p>
<p>Adding a foreign key and so it's reference to that certain ID.</p>
<p>Let's actually just go ahead and run that.</p>
<p>That's all looking okay to me.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>So now, we should have all our courses created.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, looks like there's warning there and we're going to enable some road level security.</p>
<p>But you can see it's created that course as we had it in the SQL here.</p>
<p>So we've got the id, we've created that, the course name, theta description, image again and we'll have the same again for all the different tables here.</p>
<p>So this is a great way of being able to quickly sort of sketch out in a tool like this dvdiagram.</p>
<p>io get the I guess the entities of the database how you would like to have them and yeah just be able to export them to some SQL that you can then run in a Postgres database or in our case run it on Superbase which is basically a hosted version of Postgres for us.</p>
<p>Once that's done we should then have all the tables should have the foreign keys and the linking between them so that if say I had a course and I created a record here, it would expect in the courses section that that's going to be linked to that course ID.</p>
<p>Okay, it has to be linked to our record there because we had it as part of our SQL here.</p>
<p>Another great thing about this, now we've got some SQL that is available for us.</p>
<p>I mean we can keep a copy of that.</p>
<p>likely we can check that into our source control.</p>
<p>So it could be used as sort of a manual migration which would mean that whenever we wanted to set up an environment like this, with the like surf base we can literally start a new account, start a new project and again be be able to replicate that whole structure again of our database structure.</p>
<p>And what I could also do, probably next step would be to go and create some SQL to add some content there.</p>
<p>The beauty of that, having it done by an SQL statement again is, you know, we can come back if we destroy the database, we break something on it, we can roll it back to a previous state, which is something we always want to be able to do with both our source code and our data.</p>
<p>So that's again allow us to do that.</p>
<p>But again like the DB diagram tool is you know such a great easy to use tool for something that's again I'm quite a visual person and I find it very much easier to sort of start getting that sort of laid out and a sort of visual representation that helps me think about the way that the data is going to be structured and how I can actually build out my database.</p>
<p>Is this the VL and end all?</p>
<p>Is it finished?</p>
<p>No, it's not.</p>
<p>I will probably change my ideas at later stages but it's you know at this point we're just trying to get sort of the MVP the most most valuable product I was like the one I like to call it again make that most valuable product and this is a great way to get started putting at your table structure having an individual way you know you've got a record of it both as some SQL and you could also export it as a PDF or SVG etc.</p>
<p>So you can embed it in your documentation and you've got that sort of structure there that's saved.</p>
<p>I'll be able to come back to this.</p>
<p>It makes these nice links here that so you can actually even share these in this tool.</p>
<p>So you can see here I've got the share and I can share composite protector, can get invite people etc.</p>
<p>which is pretty cool.</p>
<p>And another thing that it also allows is we do have the history here so we can roll back in time to see and change that.</p>
<p>We've actually got November 2022.</p>
<p>That's the last time I used that previously, but that's cool.</p>
<p>Interesting to know.</p>
<p>And of course for you lovers of Dark Mode, there is a Dark Mode.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Again, I'm going to link this into the chat here.</p>
<p>Feel free to have a play, make your own database diagram.</p>
<p>I'm going to link this into the documentation so you'll be able to come back to this and I add it to the project.</p>
<p>I'm going to grab that SQL as well and add that to the project so that we can roll it back and what I'll do is I'll give it the date and time of when that was created and add that to the SQL file so that we can come back to it at a later point.</p>
<p>But that's yeah that's how to design a database in a web tool called <a href="http://dbdiagram.io">dbdiagram.io</a>.</p>
<p>Hopefully you enjoyed that and you learned something, please like and subscribe.</p>
<p>I've been blown away by the number of people that have been subscribing to the channel.</p>
<p>It definitely makes me want to keep doing this.</p>
<p>I'm going to try and keep at it.</p>
<p>We've still got a long way to go for our LMS project and I might look at updating the frequency of these because of course the faster the more I do in a week, the faster we get along in progress, and we've still got ages to go.</p>
<p>All right, thanks for your time, I hope you enjoyed it and I will see you next time.</p>
<p>Bye.</p>
Build a Full-Stack web app with Next.js - Part 3 - Supabase2023-09-28T00:00:01Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/build-a-full-stack-next-js-supabase/<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/kFfULZJ1Ns-320.5a3c097039.avif 320w, /static/kFfULZJ1Ns-720.3a6c422dc6.avif 720w, /static/kFfULZJ1Ns-1024.68a4475b0a.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/kFfULZJ1Ns-320.09fc78a097.webp 320w, /static/kFfULZJ1Ns-720.c33281fd31.webp 720w, /static/kFfULZJ1Ns-1024.f13c240498.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/kFfULZJ1Ns-320.8c6cc18b72.png 320w, /static/kFfULZJ1Ns-720.99cbec4211.png 720w, /static/kFfULZJ1Ns-1024.1f5d2f5b3e.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/jpeg" srcset="/static/kFfULZJ1Ns-320.17fde88f1f.jpeg 320w, /static/kFfULZJ1Ns-720.adda06d83e.jpeg 720w, /static/kFfULZJ1Ns-1024.4f34fe5cfc.jpeg 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="&quot;A web full-stack app built with NextJS&quot; / Bing Image Creator" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/kFfULZJ1Ns-320.17fde88f1f.jpeg" width="1024" height="1024"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">"A web full-stack app built with NextJS" / Bing Image Creator</figcaption></figure>
<p>The following is a transcript of my live stream on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/LCnHOpg7U7s">YouTube</a> Sep 28, 2023 on Building a Full-Stack web app with Next.js. This is the third video in the series where I use <a href="https://supabase.com">Supabase</a> as the database for the app. In the video I create a table to hold our courses. I then load it with some data of some course names and then finally display the results of the data in a list.</p>
<p>The project is available on <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/lms-nextjs">GitHub as LMS NextJS</a>.</p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LCnHOpg7U7s?si=4nK2Xr8rFvh9TuWr" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<hr>
<p>Alright, hey there.</p>
<p>Okay, so this stream is going to be on using Superbase.</p>
<p>We're going to continue on with the rest of the stream, I guess, with trying to build an XJS app from scratch.</p>
<p>And we've gone through the planning stages already.</p>
<p>set up the React app using XJS and we're now at the point where we are going to set up the database.</p>
<p>So how are we going to do this?</p>
<p>Well first things, let's jump to the Superbase website because it's got a really good walkthrough there of a quick start.</p>
<p>Okay, so you can see here it's got the likes of Superbase with XJS.</p>
<p>That's what we're using It's asking for creating a new project on the Superbase dashboard Okay, and goes through the process of setting up a table in the database Okay, so if we go to the Superbase dashboard Okay, so I've got this this is my project the LMS one And I've got no tables in it at present.</p>
<p>So I'm gonna create a new table just like the guide showed us and I'm gonna insert some data into it as well Of course on this one, I'm not gonna be adding countries.</p>
<p>I am going to be adding some courses for the LMS So let's go and do so So create a new table.</p>
<p>No, you want to pluralize the name of course, so courses.</p>
<p>I'll disable RLS for now.</p>
<p>You probably wouldn't want to do this.</p>
<p>Actually, no, I'll keep it on.</p>
<p>Let's keep it on.</p>
<p>I'll do something else instead.</p>
<p>thinking through.</p>
<p>So we're gonna have the likes of a new public table, we're gonna have an ID and it's created at.</p>
<p>This is a nice little simple user interface.</p>
<p>You can do the same using some SQL but the interface is pretty good in terms of that.</p>
<p>So let's do that.</p>
<p>Okay so we're gonna need a few things I guess for a course name, a course name, so I'm going to have a name here and it's going to be some text.</p>
<p>Or Basha, Basha probably would be better.</p>
<p>And I'm going to add a description.</p>
<p>Again, this one I will actually make a text.</p>
<p>And I'm going to add another column here for some.</p>
<p>We need to have an image, I think.</p>
<p>Let's do that.</p>
<p>Now, I think it could have us as some data, but probably the easiest thing to do in this scenario.</p>
<p>Of course, we don't want to to load out a database or anything like that.</p>
<p>Superbase doesn't really give you the option there to add the data directly to it, but we can instead add a virtual character string length there and then we can have the image URL.</p>
<p>We would use some sort of some storage system to save that into a database.</p>
<p>Okay, so we got an image, we got a name, we got a description, we got the created at let's save that.</p>
<p>Okay, so we should shortly see it loading up the table.</p>
<p>Here we go.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got no data in here at the moment.</p>
<p>We've got a name, a description, an image, an ID, and this table here.</p>
<p>So going back to the guide, we can actually start adding some values to our table.</p>
<p>So there's a SQL Editor to do that.</p>
<p>Let's start off with that.</p>
<p>Okay, so on the left hand side here, you've got sort of the table editor and then you've got the SQL editor If we open that up And this is the new AI stuff We'll do just a new query Okay Is that That's just confusing I'm having some trouble with the entering there.</p>
<p>I don't know where that is.</p>
<p>Anyway, let's insert some data.</p>
<p>So this was the last time I've done this before.</p>
<p>So we're going to insert into the courses table.</p>
<p>and set into name, that's what we're going to add.</p>
<p>And grab that, and just change it.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got a name there and the value is going to be ReactForBeginner.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>This is setting the change.</p>
<p>This is quite cool.</p>
<p>I haven't seen this before.</p>
<p>So this is, yeah that's pretty cool.</p>
<p>AI way to add data to your database.</p>
<p>Getting the, well, instead of having to do it as a insert there, I could have probably say add name value called to the table there.</p>
<p>Let's try that.</p>
<p>Set that change.</p>
<p>Is that going to let me?</p>
<p>Hm, it's not getting so.</p>
<p>I don't know why that's not letting me.</p>
<p>Weird.</p>
<p>This is not making this easy.</p>
<p>Oh, okay.</p>
<p>So it's like it's not letting me actually edit this.</p>
<p>This is great.</p>
<p>Hmm.</p>
<p>Maybe I found a bug?</p>
<p>Maybe I have.</p>
<p>Not to worry.</p>
<p>Let's see what it says.</p>
<p>So include an almost stardomirter and aqueurries.</p>
<p>Let's see if it will let us execute it then.</p>
<p>No!</p>
<p>I wonder why this is breaking.</p>
<p>It's not to worry, let's refresh this.</p>
<p>and new course named 'grat.</p>
<p>js4beginners' It's kind of weird it popped up with the accept there and.</p>
<p>I am not having luck today am I?</p>
<p>Ah here we go.</p>
<p>So accept that.</p>
<p>Okay now I can do this.</p>
<p>Let's hopefully I can run this and it should add this to my database.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Success, that's good.</p>
<p>Let's go back to our table view.</p>
<p>Close that one.</p>
<p>And we'll open that.</p>
<p>Okay, so straight away we've got some new data now in our table.</p>
<p>We've got the record there for reHJS.</p>
<p>We've got no description or image yet, but we can start adding some more records in here.</p>
<p>Just to get something this way on the page once we list out these from the database.</p>
<p>I'm going to go back to the edit there.</p>
<p>I'm going to add another one we have.</p>
<p>CSS Okay, so that's going to add that record on as well and we'll do it one more What's number one HTML 5 HTML was new.</p>
<p>Okay, cool, so that's added.</p>
<p>And if we go back to our table view, sure enough, we've got those three records now.</p>
<p>We've got a name there for each of them.</p>
<p>It's almost a dimension description, but we can add that in later.</p>
<p>Okay, let's go back to the guide here.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>And we can see here that we've got.</p>
<p>I haven't seen that before on the hopper now.</p>
<p>It shows you how much memory each tab is using.</p>
<p>Pretty cool.</p>
<p>I haven't seen that before.</p>
<p>That's all good.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got these three records now and our table.</p>
<p>Just a similar example here with the countries.</p>
<p>We're not going to do the create next tab because we've already got it up and running.</p>
<p>We've already got that set up.</p>
<p>What we will need to do, if you haven't already, is to create an EMV file.</p>
<p>So in the project on the GitHub, I actually already have this.</p>
<p>Let's pop this up so you guys can see as well.</p>
<p>Let me see.</p>
<p>So we've got this yellow mess here.</p>
<p>Okay, so in here I have a local env example.</p>
<p>So what you're going to need to do is go into your settings for Superbase here, just like the link here, follow this link here, it'll take you to the API page, you'll have a URL you'll have an anonymous key.</p>
<p>You'll need to put those into an .</p>
<p>env file and something like that.</p>
<p>nv.</p>
<p>local, that's a good place to start.</p>
<p>Add those keys in there and that's what I've already done.</p>
<p>So if we look at my code.</p>
<p>Okay, so just like I said, I've got an example file here, you'd add those keys in there.</p>
<p>Make sure you stop and start so that you get your environment keys to load because without it your app won't reload the environment variables unless you do that.</p>
<p>Okay so once you've done that you've added those keys in there.</p>
<p>We can go back to the tutorial.</p>
<p>Okay and it's got an example here.</p>
<p>They've got a page that they've created, so countries page.</p>
<p>Okay so that's for a type script file and what they've done is they've created a component, used the cookies there to import the header there and then it does a call off to the Superbase library and gets the countries for that.</p>
<p>So for those that maybe have done some SQL in the past it pretty much is very much a similar sort of look to SQL for Superbase.</p>
<p>So their whole, I guess their model for being able to retrieve from your tables, again using a from there, there's your word in the select statement, and you've got a this select statement at the end there, hand by default I believe, having no value in the actual brackets there means that you're going to get all the columns on the table.</p>
<p>So let's start something like this up, let's actually go and add something like this to our page.</p>
<p>Now we can add a new page so it might be a good idea to have a courses page.</p>
<p>So I'm going to jump into this code.</p>
<p>Okay so we've got our structure here on the right hand side.</p>
<p>Okay so we've got an app And there is a page.</p>
<p>So what I can have is the same again.</p>
<p>If you haven't looked at the document page and system of Next.</p>
<p>js, it has a quite basic setup in terms of the app router, layout being the actual what's going to be displayed in terms of layout, and page is the actual sort of content for it.</p>
<p>So if we look at layout there, we've got a layout we're loading in some styles etc.</p>
<p>which is all cool.</p>
<p>Now let's go and go and add a new folder.</p>
<p>Okay, so the App Router works basically by having a new folder name and in it you can have a page file.</p>
<p>So I'm going to have a folder called countries.</p>
<p>Like that.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got the countries and we're going to need a page file.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>And we're going to need to have a component on there.</p>
<p>So what would that look like?</p>
<p>That could be something along the lines of this maybe.</p>
<p>So we're just typing that out.</p>
<p>We're going to export a export default and we're going to need to have this be async because we're going to be pulling in data for this home component.</p>
<p>Maybe I should just call it, call it horses.</p>
<p>Okay and in that we will need to have, we're going to actually import the Superbase library.</p>
<p>So if you haven't, we probably should actually check to see if we've got this installed.</p>
<p>Always we won't be able to.</p>
<p>Yes I have installed it in the past.</p>
<p>Okay So what you could do in terms of that is go to the command line, run npm install and superbase js and superbase auth help as an xjs as dependencies that look something like this.</p>
<p>And we can take those same two libraries.</p>
<p>So the great thing about npm on the install command there is you can actually have multiple items in there.</p>
<p>Okay, this shouldn't make much difference.</p>
<p>At least there's some version changes or something but yeah, looks like it's the same.</p>
<p>So those are now installed all of the project.</p>
<p>I'm going to stop it and I'm now going to add my courses here.</p>
<p>So I need to import the server component client and the cookies header that was on that same tutorial on the Superbase website.</p>
<p>Let's do that.</p>
<p>Okay, directly copy from the tutorial there.</p>
<p>I'll paste that into the notes as well so that we can see that if you guys are following along in the chat.</p>
<p>Okay, awesome.</p>
<p>Alright, so now we've got that set up.</p>
<p>The next thing we're gonna do is actually go and start setting this up.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got a courses component.</p>
<p>We need to render something, of course, from it.</p>
<p>But so we need to get the the server-based client first of all.</p>
<p>What's looking here at what the co-pilot's trying to do, but no, we don't want to quite do that.</p>
<p>That's slightly different to what we want.</p>
<p>And yeah, create the server-compliant client.</p>
<p>I think it's got to be like this.</p>
<p>Okay, so the cookie's there.</p>
<p>and we then need to have a way to retrieve data.</p>
<p>Look at that, it's actually even, it's copied the same bit of text there that is sitting on the, probably enough, the tutorial.</p>
<p>We're not going to grab from the countries, we're going to grab from the courses And like I mentioned before, it's very much like an SQL statement.</p>
<p>So you've got the from there, so the from from the table, and the select there.</p>
<p>We're just doing a wildcard, so that's going to return all those values.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>Okay, we've got that running.</p>
<p>We can now do a return, because we want to actually display what we've got coming out of this.</p>
<p>We'll start off with some, maybe some nice semantic HTML here, maybe a main.</p>
<p>Okay, I have a heading for it.</p>
<p>So thankfully, we have something like that.</p>
<p>So that's perfect.</p>
<p>That's pretty much done what we've got.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got the data We're mapping out the course We've got a key so that should be our database key items.</p>
<p>So that should be all nice and We've got the name itself Very cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so let's save that I'm gonna run the deep super again and we can jump back to the browser Okay, so localhost 3000, that's not only a homepage, it's going to be in the courses page.</p>
<p>So if we loaded it, it would help probably if I had it under it.</p>
<p>Okay, so what have I done wrong?</p>
<p>I've got my countries.</p>
<p>So much following this tutorial that I actually named the folder of.</p>
<p>That will probably help.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>We've got our courses.</p>
<p>But what is not working?</p>
<p>Okay, so looks like we're not getting anything displayed on the page and that's okay.</p>
<p>I kind of expected that.</p>
<p>And there's a reason for that.</p>
<p>And it's basically to do with the security here for the app.</p>
<p>So what we need to do to make that accessible, we can do a couple of things, but probably the easiest one to do so is go into our table and what we can do for it is set the policies on it.</p>
<p>Okay, let's view policies.</p>
<p>And what we want to actually do is we want to make a new policy for this.</p>
<p>They've got some, this is basically Superbase's way of making sure that only information that's supposed to be accessible is accessible to the right users.</p>
<p>And they've got these nice little policies here.</p>
<p>So in this one, it's basically just a template wizard.</p>
<p>You can select from one of these.</p>
<p>So in our case we actually want to say that the courses are easy to be seen from the, I guess from a non-logged in user.</p>
<p>So I do want to enable red axis to everyone here.</p>
<p>So if I use this template that's going to let me apply that.</p>
<p>You've got really granular control here with Superbase in it.</p>
<p>you can actually set what operations you can do and can't do.</p>
<p>And in this case, it's pretty much all ready to go.</p>
<p>So I only want to be able to use a select there, and I want to just have that showing basically.</p>
<p>That's pretty much all I need.</p>
<p>A good thing to do is read this when you get a chance, is the documentation.</p>
<p>But let's run this.</p>
<p>Okay, so it's it's creating this policy Sent to public Okay So now that policy is saved.</p>
<p>We should be able to have read access now To our table what you do?</p>
<p>Well, I'll have a list So we're getting them all the list of courses now Being displayed onto the page, which is pretty cool Not bad, not bad, okay So Pretty quickly we can pull sort of our database Tables directly from the likes of Superbase, it's made it very simple to do the likes of our select requests and unlike As you can imagine having a kind of syntax like this is also going to help stop being able to do sort of SQL injection and the likes So having the client Tool like this is pretty handy So what we've got we've got a list at the moment and unordered list and each list item we display the course name and We could have the description and the image so we could actually do something with that just sort of get some placeholders laid out.</p>
<p>So I'm going to give it at the moment, it's not really that semantic.</p>
<p>We need to give it some more meaning there.</p>
<p>Probably use an h3 because I would probably suspect I'd use maybe another secondary heading maybe or subtitle all the likes.</p>
<p>So I'll use an h3 here.</p>
<p>So we've got our course name and I'm going to have a description.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
<p>And we're also going to need an image there of course as well.</p>
<p>Okay, here we go.</p>
<p>And just like that, we've got our course name and an image.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Okay, let's go back.</p>
<p>Sorry, wasn't sharing that properly was I?</p>
<p>It doesn't seem to be showing the best code.</p>
<p>Double check that.</p>
<p>[typing] Hmm, let's keep going on.</p>
<p>Still not working.</p>
<p>Okay, so let's.</p>
<p>I'm going to play around with OBS.</p>
<p>What is going on?</p>
<p>[NOISE] Finally enough, let's pull in my notification center.</p>
<p>And let's pull the code down instead.</p>
<p>Get in there.</p>
<p>Well this is a pain.</p>
<p>Nothing like having to do some changes on the block.</p>
<p>[typing] Go.</p>
<p>Fixed it.</p>
<p>[laughs] Water pang.</p>
<p>Okay cool.</p>
<p>Oh good.</p>
<p>Okay so hopefully you guys can see that again.</p>
<p>Let's just walk right through what actually happened there.</p>
<p>So I've got a list item.</p>
<p>Listing through I've got a image.</p>
<p>Like I said previously I need to get that image to display and I need to do the name.</p>
<p>Okay so what have we got next?</p>
<p>We've got our course, we've got our image, we've got our h3 there, we've got our p-tab with the description, which is all cool.</p>
<p>Okay and we move back in our app.</p>
<p>Again, I'm still having a lovely time of OBS tonight.</p>
<p>Okay so it is not loading.</p>
<p>Let's fix this up too.</p>
<p>Bear with me.</p>
<p>[typing] Okay.</p>
<p>[typing sounds] almost there.</p>
<p>As you can see there I've got the image now showing, I've got the description if there was one and the name of course being shown as a title.</p>
<p>Okay let's swap that round, awesome.</p>
<p>Sorry about that.</p>
<p>So now you should be able to see that.</p>
<p>Let's go back to code now.</p>
<p>Come on.</p>
<p>Okay so we've got a, like I said, the images that are hitting and the like.</p>
<p>Now we need to start sort of thinking about how we're actually going to build this up as a component.</p>
<p>So we've got our image there, we've got our headings, we've got our description.</p>
<p>Let's put some images in, maybe a description so that we can see that on our actual project.</p>
<p>So the cool thing is with Superbase is that it has like this whole view of the table there.</p>
<p>You know, it's literally like an editor in the cloud.</p>
<p>You can literally go straight to to the table editor there, click on the table, it's not that much different than say like Google Sheets or a spreadsheet of some sort and you can literally go and you can start editing there, which is quite cool.</p>
<p>on this one I'm going to say.</p>
<p>Okay, so that should sit there.</p>
<p>there, that should be saved.</p>
<p>Okay, if we go back to the app itself, sure enough, it calls the swine on the page.</p>
<p>And we can do the same for the likes of the descriptions here.</p>
<p>okay awesome uh.</p>
<p>what i can also do as the images shortly.</p>
<p>We'll leave that for now.</p>
<p>We'll go back to the page here.</p>
<p>We've not got any hot refresh, of course, for data, but as we reload it we can see there that it's got the likes of all those three descriptions that I've just placed on.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got to check on how that's looking under the skin and the HTML that's rendered out.</p>
<p>Okay, so So yeah, sure, I've got image, H3 and PTAC.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>So you can see it's quite easy to start creating all your tables that you require.</p>
<p>We can start building out the rest of our structure.</p>
<p>And I'll probably call pause on this today.</p>
<p>We're probably at the sort of starting point of now actually getting to the nitty gritty of actually building elements into our app.</p>
<p>So we'll start creating some of these tables here.</p>
<p>What I will do is I will also publish or any changes I've made and commit them and push to GitHub.</p>
<p>For those that are following along, you'd be able to pull down the latest version of the app and you'll be able to see where it is.</p>
<p>And then what I might also do is I might actually grab the SQL for the tables and the data itself as well.</p>
<p>So if you want to pull them into your own version of it, you can do that as well.</p>
<p>Next time I'm going to go over fleshing out more that data structure.</p>
<p>So what I'll do is we'll go into some database diagramming just so that we've got a clear picture and a head of what we are trying to build and then we'll implement that in Superbase.</p>
<p>Okay, awesome.</p>
<p>Thanks for watching and we'll see you next time.</p>
<p>Please like and subscribe and thanks to all those that managed to get me to 100 subscribers greatly appreciate it.</p>
<p>But yeah, tell your friends and I will see you next time.</p>
<p>Bye.</p>
<p><em>Please note this transcript was edited for clarity.</em></p>
Build a Full-Stack web app with Next.js - Part 2 - Set Up2023-09-18T00:00:01Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/build-a-full-stack-next-js-set-up/<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/B19VmNXfCV-320.6df390a7bc.avif 320w, /static/B19VmNXfCV-720.1ffa245d4d.avif 720w, /static/B19VmNXfCV-1024.d1e9c892e9.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/B19VmNXfCV-320.d0870aad66.webp 320w, /static/B19VmNXfCV-720.3a6bdbc276.webp 720w, /static/B19VmNXfCV-1024.259d8c91e4.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/B19VmNXfCV-320.bef3d2459f.png 320w, /static/B19VmNXfCV-720.44ea0746e1.png 720w, /static/B19VmNXfCV-1024.46ec4d41b2.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/jpeg" srcset="/static/B19VmNXfCV-320.2310c74fd3.jpeg 320w, /static/B19VmNXfCV-720.2808ae816b.jpeg 720w, /static/B19VmNXfCV-1024.8e928a723b.jpeg 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="&quot;A web full-stack app built with NextJS&quot; / Bing Image Creator" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/B19VmNXfCV-320.2310c74fd3.jpeg" width="1024" height="1024"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">"A web full-stack app built with NextJS" / Bing Image Creator</figcaption></figure>
<p>The following is a transcript of my live stream on YouTube Sep 18, 2023 on Building a Full-Stack web app with Next.js. This is the second video in the series where I set up Next.js and configure it for these streams. This transcript has been lightly edited for length and clarity.</p>
<p>The project is available on <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/lms-nextjs">GitHub as LMS NextJS</a>.</p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2BQcCGCsql0?si=-ucJrgg1Wn3ZpHvc" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<hr>
<p>How's the stream now?</p>
<p>[ Pause ] All right, cool.</p>
<p>Okay, it looks like we're all live.</p>
<p>Hello everyone.</p>
<p>So again, this is the second part in the Builder Fill Stack Next.</p>
<p>js app.</p>
<p>Last week on Thursday, we did a planning session.</p>
<p>And so I went through how I was going to plan the app, go through things like a wire framing.</p>
<p>So we have a link for that here.</p>
<p>And we've also got the mind map, which was here.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got the brainstorm here.</p>
<p>It was what we went over on Thursday.</p>
<p>And we also have the actual, not the code yet.</p>
<p>That's what we haven't got.</p>
<p>So I've got all this information, what we did on Thursday, that is now available on my website, so on <a href="http://andrewford.co.nz">andrewford.co.nz</a>, it's the first article on the list at the moment.</p>
<p>It's built with fullstack and NextJS, part one planning.</p>
<p>So if you look at that, there is the link to the video, link to the wireframes, screenshot of the whiteboarding and there's a whole transcript there of the entire video.</p>
<p>So if you want to quickly find something you can do so.</p>
<p>Awesome!</p>
<p>Okay, all right what are we going to do today?</p>
<p>Today we are going to start setting up the initial parts of the app.</p>
<p>Okay so I'm going to go through that whole process of installing the actual code on a local machine, setting it up in a GitHub repo, pushing that to public so that you guys can see it.</p>
<p>And then I'm also going to try and start the part of actually building the app, start looking at the wireframe there and start getting that working.</p>
<p>Okay cool okay so if we go to the docs for Next.js</p>
<p>so on the Next.js org website forward slash docs there is a usually what's for pretty much every single website you can imagine these are getting started page and getting started page is generally what we want to look at in in terms of actually installing all the prerequisites there and actually get it up and running.</p>
<p>So first of all, number one, you're going to need Node.js 16.</p>
<p>14 or later and pretty wide range here.</p>
<p>You've got macOS, Windows or Linux.</p>
<p>Okay, I'm going to open up a terminal window.</p>
<p>Let me see.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>So in my developer directory I'm going to go into YouTube.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>OK, so I'm going to create a new project here.</p>
<p>Again, we need to look at that MPX command.</p>
<p>So let's grab that.</p>
<p>Come back to terminal here and this is going to install the latest version of create next.</p>
<p>So what is your project named?</p>
<p>We're going to call it LMS next.js.</p>
<p>OK, we're not going to use TypeScript.</p>
<p>I'll do that another time.</p>
<p>We are going to use lint, use lint, node of tailwind, estimate source directory, yesterday app router, node to the import alias.</p>
<p>So this is going to set up the over code needed there for React, React-DOM, Next, DSLint, and Excellent Config Next.</p>
<p>Funnily enough it says those things in the Installing Dependencies part there.</p>
<p>So, okay, cool.</p>
<p>Let's have a look at this directory now.</p>
<p>If we go into the LMS folder, okay, cool.</p>
<p>Think about it, it's already set up a Git repo folder there.</p>
<p>I'm going to open up this folder now.</p>
<p>So open full stop or period depending on where you live.</p>
<p>So open there is going to open up the finder.</p>
<p>Cool so we can see the actual files themselves.</p>
<p>Cool and we can do code.</p>
<p>fullstop and that is going to open up a nice vision of VS Code already pointing at that directory.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay so I've got that up and running.</p>
<p>You should be able to see that on the screen.</p>
<p>What I'm going to do next is start talking about what other dependencies we needed.</p>
<p>So going back to the whiteboard here.</p>
<p>So I talked about the need to have Radix UI.</p>
<p>So I was going to use that for my UI components.</p>
<p>way I'm not building them from scratch sort of thing.</p>
<p>Instead I can actually just worry about the other parts of the app rather than the actual UI components because I know that these components have been tested, they've got really good accessibility.</p>
<p>Instead I can just focus on I guess the back end parts of the app and not have to worry too much about the front end.</p>
<p>The other part that I'm going to need is of course Superbase and so we'll set that up as well.</p>
<p>Okay so let's go to the Radix UI website.</p>
<p>Okay again it's a nice big getting started button let's use that.</p>
<p>Again, I'm going to copy that and I am going to open up the terminal window here.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So while that's installing, let's go back and have a look at the getting started guide here.</p>
<p>After that, I need to import the global CSS file at the root of your application.</p>
<p>Then I need to add the theme component and add theme to your application, wrapping the root component inside of body.</p>
<p>OK, cool, grab that.</p>
<p>OK, so that's installed.</p>
<p>And it'll go into the source directory.</p>
<p>And in here, we actually have the actual layer of the app.</p>
<p>Okay, let's have a quick look at this, get our head around what's actually happening.</p>
<p>So first up we have a page.</p>
<p>It's a home component and we also have an image being pulled into it.</p>
<p>So this is the actual content of that page and the layout would be the core part of the app is being built.</p>
<p>You can see there that we have the HTML tags and of course the body there.</p>
<p>So what I'm going to do is I'm going to import the style sheet.</p>
<p>And then after that I am going to then go back to the docs help file and I'm going to do the import process here.</p>
<p>So I'm going to import the theme.</p>
<p>Okay, and then I'm going to wrap my app just like it has shown here in a theme component.</p>
<p>And I can move it like so.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>Body theme.</p>
<p>Okay, I might actually do the same as what they have done.</p>
<p>Probably pays to pay attention to what the instructions are doing.</p>
<p>Okay and I've got an extra tag there.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>Okay so we have the theme going now.</p>
<p>If we actually run the application, let's see what happens.</p>
<p>That's localhost 3000.</p>
<p>Okay, so we're not seeing any sort of UI changes or anything like that.</p>
<p>We've probably still got the initial stylings there from Next.js.</p>
<p>Let's go with the Alumnares.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Cool, so the title's changed so we know that something's happening and that's tab and we can start pulling apart I guess what's already in there.</p>
<p>I'm just going to rip it all out to this global style sheet and probably not going to use that.</p>
<p>Again it's starting to look very sparse and And if I do the same here, I'm going to have to be mindful of the fact that there's expecting those styles that are coming from that CSS module.</p>
<p>So I'm just going to pull that all out.</p>
<p>Why not?</p>
<p>Let's make it home.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>stripped out, all completely pulled apart but we know that let's just double check that our CSS files that are coming in.</p>
<p>We can see here we've got a whole lot of CSS variables.</p>
<p>So these are the ones that are coming in from the likes of RadixUI.</p>
<p>We've got whole different color suites here, all available to us.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>All right, can we see that they have like a.</p>
<p>It's just telling us where the CSS is coming from.</p>
<p>Got some default values here.</p>
<p>All right, and then we've got radix themes.</p>
<p>Okay, we are on the way to getting there.</p>
<p>Okay, all right.</p>
<p>Next steps, you're now ready to use Radix themes components.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>I will probably stop there and a good place to stop probably is now into a commit of my source code.</p>
<p>and it should commit added vertex UI.</p>
<p>So if you've got the GitHub extension here, you can actually also do the same as this and publish it live.</p>
<p>Awesome, so if I open this now, I should be able to see that in Chrome.</p>
<p>There we go and it's public so you guys should be able to see that as well.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Okay next steps.</p>
<p>Like I said we talked about we needed Next.</p>
<p>js setup, we needed Radix UI setup.</p>
<p>The next probably part what we need is start talking thinking about our database.</p>
<p>Okay it's pretty early on I know but it's good to get this up and running so we can actually start sort of planning out more of our app.</p>
<p>Okay so let's find the Superbase website.</p>
<p>Cool, so I've already previously signed on with GitHub before, and I need to now create a new project.</p>
<p>OK, I'll call it LMS.</p>
<p>and copy that password and place that somewhere where I'm not gonna lose it okay All right, OK, my password is saved now.</p>
<p>Region.</p>
<p>Not the closest to me.</p>
<p>I might do Oceania Sydney there because that is closest to me.</p>
<p>OK, I'm going to create that new project.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>OK, so I've got public key there.</p>
<p>Okay, so it's safe to use in a browser.</p>
<p>I'm not going to show you the secret one there.</p>
<p>And we've got the URL there for the restful endpoint for creating and managing your database.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Same as usual.</p>
<p>This thing to do, open the docs again.</p>
<p>And we'll click on the getting started here.</p>
<p>Now it's got a quite big overview of some use cases and how you could use it.</p>
<p>We're actually going to be using it with Next.</p>
<p>js and they do actually have a Next.</p>
<p>js section which is a framework quick start.</p>
<p>Very handy.</p>
<p>So we've created that new project.</p>
<p>After it's done we should be able to see a table.</p>
<p>Okay now we're not going to make a country's table.</p>
<p>We're going to go and start off maybe with our.</p>
<p>probably course, I think it might be a good one to start with.</p>
<p>And then we will then have to add this super base off there.</p>
<p>Okay so we can use either like this command line here where we can add the template and have a look at that to grab each piece we need.</p>
<p>Or we can just actually manually add it into our project.</p>
<p>So if we take a look at this, I can actually copy this, I'm going to create this on the terminal.</p>
<p>This doesn't seem to be a link directly to the actual project there, unfortunately.</p>
<p>Not a problem.</p>
<p>We'll sort that out, that's it.</p>
<p>Okay and hopefully, yes our database is all set up and running now.</p>
<p>Okay so we've got the database there so if we click on the table editor, you can see we've got learning new tables and we need to actually go and set it up with the likes of Superbase.</p>
<p>Now does this actually have a nice walkthrough for.</p>
<p>Just adding it to an existing project, that's what I want to do.</p>
<p>Okay so here's an example here, so we need to install the Superbase.</p>
<p>js file here.</p>
<p>I'm going to double check this so that it matches what's the expected VF for next.</p>
<p>js.</p>
<p>I'm going to copy that and I'm going to jump back to the terminal.</p>
<p>Create a new tab.</p>
<p>Move back a level.</p>
<p>Again, this is pretty much what we've already done previously.</p>
<p>Probably in hindsight would have been better to have done this using this template, but that's not a problem.</p>
<p>I'll show you how you can actually still understand what is actually happening.</p>
<p>Let's make that text a little bit bigger.</p>
<p>I'll put hard sound stream there.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>So that's completed.</p>
<p>Now in that directory, I'm going to open a never version of code.</p>
<p>we're going to have to take a look at it.</p>
<p>The key part here is we can see that what's has been added to it.</p>
<p>You can see those dependencies.</p>
<p>So the great thing about any sort of node's JSP package, so whether it be using YARN or PNPM or NPM like we're using here, you can see what actual packages have been installed.</p>
<p>So dependencies of course are the the ones that we use in our actual app and dev dependencies are the ones we use when we are working on our project in a dev environment.</p>
<p>Okay so I need both superbase of the auth and I'm going to need the superbase of the JS there.</p>
<p>Okay so all of us is breaking, let's go and do that again.</p>
<p>Okay so, control A, npm install.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>Okay so that's a bit of update from our package.</p>
<p>Nice enough.</p>
<p>We've got the auth helpers there and we can do the npm install.</p>
<p>Let's grab the other one.</p>
<p>from here.</p>
<p>Alright so now that's running, we've got the superbase js file there, we've got the auth helper for nextjs.</p>
<p>What we've got is basically a roadmap of what we require.</p>
<p>If we take a look at the actual project for the one that was generated from the template there, nicely enough it's got an environment file.</p>
<p>I'm going to copy that and place that into our project as well.</p>
<p>Because we're going to need something like this but we are going to drop the example part from there.</p>
<p>Now big thing to look out for, it's a little bit harder to see, I don't know if the colour contrast is quite good but you can probably see that there's a whole lot of folders there on the left.</p>
<p>We've got the public, the source, the app etc.</p>
<p>You can see at the top we have a .</p>
<p>next folder and a node_modules folder.</p>
<p>Now that no modules file was slightly off grey, off white sort of colour.</p>
<p>That means that it's being ignored.</p>
<p>So if we look at our git tab here, you can see that only the two pages there, it's showing.</p>
<p>I'm going to refresh that.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>And luckily enough, it looks like our environment local file is also on this list for git ignore.</p>
<p>Now if it wasn't, you'd have to go into edit and to here, and you would have to hide that environment file.</p>
<p>But we don't have to.</p>
<p>Thankfully, we have the KIT-Ignore has already got that local nv file that's not been committed to our source code.</p>
<p>And why do we not want to commit to our source code?</p>
<p>Well, because we basically would be given the keys away to the house.</p>
<p>If we push that up there, especially this repo is public, you can be sure that there'll be a whole lot of people who are running scripts hitting GitHub and basically looking for projects that have API keys that are available to steal.</p>
<p>So don't let that happen to you.</p>
<p>There are some nice features now in GitHub which can actually look out for you and make sure that those keys don't go into your repo.</p>
<p>But yeah, there's just a Top tip there, making sure that you're not giving away the keys to the house.</p>
<p>Okay cool, so that's working.</p>
<p>We've got that environment, local file.</p>
<p>I'll update this later and we'll never look at it again.</p>
<p>So what I'll do is I'll grab my keys that I need for that and then I'll be able to see what's happening there.</p>
<p>Okay, right.</p>
<p>[pause] [laughs] Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got the Superbase parts pasted into our app.</p>
<p>We've got them sitting in the package there.</p>
<p>So we'll have those node modules now installed.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So what's next?</p>
<p>Let's look at what has actually been done.</p>
<p>Okay, so great thing it's already been set up for us.</p>
<p>We actually have some components there so we can take these and the same with that super base directory.</p>
<p>We can grab those and put them into our own app.</p>
<p>That way, I'm having the same sort of setup as what's already there.</p>
<p>We're going to have a little bit of issues, and the key thing there that will be a bit of a pain will be the fact that this is in TypeScript, and we're not using TypeScript, so we will have some renaming today.</p>
<p>Okay, I'm going to go and set up the same folder structure basically.</p>
<p>I've got source app and I'm going to have a source components.</p>
<p>Like that.</p>
<p>Okay, and we are going to need We already have an app folder, a super based folder.</p>
<p>Okay, I actually don't want any of this to do some stuff, so this is actually not a bad thing anyway to not have this already pre-configured.</p>
<p>I'm just gonna leave that out, not have any migrations there.</p>
<p>We'll do that later and what I do want to do, let's look at these components here.</p>
<p>We'll start off with the logout button.</p>
<p>I'm not too worried about the other two.</p>
<p>Okay so this one is a JavaScript file.</p>
<p>And looking at this we can see, you know, it's relatively basic here, I can see it's using Tailwind but we're not using that.</p>
<p>Very export, default, I call it Lockout button, good to have the same name there and we're going to return just keep it as simple as that if we want to.</p>
<p>I probably might be using one of these buttons but that's okay we will grab that form and we'll put that button inside it.</p>
<p>Now one thing that's going to be slightly different of course is that we are using the Radix UI so there'll be a button component already available for that, but I will change that shortly.</p>
<p>Okay so I've got my logo button, what next do we need to add to our app?</p>
<p>So again they've got the layouts, they've got very simple page.</p>
<p>Okay so they are setting up a server base and they're getting a user.</p>
<p>Okay so basically doing a check there to see if they are logged in.</p>
<p>Okay, not a problem.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's all good.</p>
<p>We'll do that shortly.</p>
<p>They also have a logon, and so they've got a page here, so this is a logon page, and they also have the off components here.</p>
<p>So we've got sign up, sign out, sign in.</p>
<p>So there's these routes.</p>
<p>Okay so these will act as the next response there.</p>
<p>So if we make a request to any of these URLs then we get the different redirects someplace.</p>
<p>Okay cool, I should be able to just actually.</p>
<p>Okay it's gonna do there, that's it.</p>
<p>Okay so I'm gonna need that um 'Off' folder.</p>
<p>That's sitting under the app.</p>
<p>Okay and we'll start setting up these folders.</p>
<p>"Sign Up", "sign out", "sign in".</p>
<p>And the iPhone 1 was callback.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's all going to be part of our app.</p>
<p>As well as Okay, and the Alpha 1 was callback.</p>
<p>I'm going to have focus.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's all going to be part of our app as part of the authentication side of things.</p>
<p>Okay let's start off with the sign up.</p>
<p>What can we copy?</p>
<p>Mostly the same.</p>
<p>Okay I'm just going to copy this and I know that's going to complain but it's fine.</p>
<p>Copy that.</p>
<p>New file, make it our route file, then we can paste it in.</p>
<p>So the only thing we're having a issue here with here is this.</p>
<p>We don't have this request object.</p>
<p>Request type, sorry.</p>
<p>Okay, but we can have it like that and pretty much shouldn't complain.</p>
<p>Yep, that's the only difference there by having it in TypeScript or not.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's all cool.</p>
<p>Same again.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So what are we doing?</p>
<p>What are we actually doing here?</p>
<p>We're actually making all the different app calls here So great thing about Next.</p>
<p>js is that it's both a front-end and back-end in WAM So we don't have to create a separate Express app or something of a like to act as our API And again Same as before.</p>
<p>It's generally good to at least get to a known point.</p>
<p>So slowly, I've just read it here.</p>
<p>So what we're trying to do is we're trying to get to a point where just like the super based data that people be able to just start the communication side of things.</p>
<p>Like I said before, in the previous session we need this app to both be available, parts of it to be available on the public and parts of it available on private only.</p>
<p>So I logged in users.</p>
<p>Okay so we'll then sign in, again grab this.</p>
<p>Remove that request.</p>
<p>Okay and the callback.</p>
<p>Okay, call back, set.</p>
<p>Again, another route.</p>
<p>Okay, anything else that I am going to need I've got my routes, I've got my page.</p>
<p>So they have a logon page which I don't have.</p>
<p>So it's got some messages here.</p>
<p>Again, pretty simple, could probably just copy that and rename it.</p>
<p>Again, just change the file extension and I can do the same with the logon except I I am going to strip that out for a sec.</p>
<p>So we'll copy that again, paste it, rename it.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Alright, link on the logo there, don't worry about that, probably not.</p>
<p>Just keep the back there.</p>
<p>Of course I don't have any of these classes, I'm not using Tailwind.</p>
<p>And we'll just leave the form in there for the time being, take out some of these classes.</p>
<p>I'll sort these out with the red X1s in a sec.</p>
<p>Okay, looking a lot better.</p>
<p>Okay so that's not going to be so bloated I guess before Taiwan classes.</p>
<p>Okay so that's the login and sign up and sign out.</p>
<p>Probably a good point now to check in what we've added.</p>
<p>So I'm going to add the Superbase Event.</p>
<p>That's enough probably.</p>
<p>Okay, I'll commit that, push it.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>I'm not going too bad for time.</p>
<p>OK, so we've got that there.</p>
<p>We've got the actual page there.</p>
<p>We've got what else we need.</p>
<p>They've got a middle here.</p>
<p>So we can do the same because we'll probably need to have some sort of middle here for authentication.</p>
<p>So I'm going to add that little sitting in, let's see, then sitting outside the app itself.</p>
<p>And sitting in that top level.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>We don't need a type.</p>
<p>Okay, okay and what other parts have we not configured?</p>
<p>Let's compare these.</p>
<p>So they've got the experimental zero actions on there.</p>
<p>Add those back in.</p>
<p>Middleware.</p>
<p>That's the Superbase folder.</p>
<p>We should be able to generate that from the CLI I believe.</p>
<p>And we've got the LogoutButton.</p>
<p>xjs logo, it's a base logo.</p>
<p>Nice.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>I've added those files back in.</p>
<p>Now I'm going to actually make this project a dev container.</p>
<p>So we'll come at the changes here.</p>
<p>Like so.</p>
<p>Okay so let's push.</p>
<p>Okay now I've got that set up.</p>
<p>If you watch my stream a couple of days ago I went over how we could set up a dev container.</p>
<p>So I'm going to add that now.</p>
<p>I'm going to need Docker running.</p>
<p>So if I didn't have that running before I should have it shortly.</p>
<p>Okay so that's running.</p>
<p>Now I need to actually run this in a dev container.</p>
<p>Add that configuration file.</p>
<p>And we'll just use the default for now.</p>
<p>Let's just add it and we should be able to now reopen this in a container.</p>
<p>So the reason I'm adding it to Container is the version of Node.</p>
<p>I've got it on.</p>
<p>I'm trying to use 20.</p>
<p>Slightly experimental, all the latest.</p>
<p>So the idea being that if I need to change, I can set my different version of node based on this dev container here.</p>
<p>I can swap it out for something else.</p>
<p>It just means that in sort of future proofing.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's running, and we'll run that to super.</p>
<p>Localhost 3000.</p>
<p>Okay cool, it's running again.</p>
<p>That's what we wanted to see.</p>
<p>Okay so that's running, you can see there it's made their requests.</p>
<p>That's all good.</p>
<p>So I've still got the app, I've got the page, so this is the home and its layout is sitting under here.</p>
<p>Just wrapping that theme.</p>
<p>OK so we can have a login component.</p>
<p>So if we try to go through that, let's give it a shot.</p>
<p>We should be able to go to login.</p>
<p>OK so we've got a, not particularly pretty looking form, but that's there.</p>
<p>OK, so we've got that working.</p>
<p>And we've got our login.</p>
<p>Let's keep going.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>So the key thing that we would need with anything that we're working on, of course, is our URL and the key there, so this has two keys.</p>
<p>I'm just going to go back to the home, go into the project settings, and go to project, come to previous so we need the project URL.</p>
<p>and paste that in in the non-public.</p>
<p>Okay, so I'm probably to stop and start this for it's tick effect.</p>
<p>So I've got some friendly faces in the chat there.</p>
<p>Okay, got those keys added, added them to that local config.</p>
<p>These are not my secret keys.</p>
<p>This is purely for safety use in browser if you have enabled early level security for your tables and configured policies.</p>
<p>So this is the one we would set up all our configuration there.</p>
<p>So that we would then have it secure.</p>
<p>We haven't set up any VC yet.</p>
<p>It's all early days.</p>
<p>Of course I'll be changing these out at some point.</p>
<p>OK, so we've got a table editor.</p>
<p>What else do we need?</p>
<p>We're going to need to set that up and create a new table.</p>
<p>Let's go back to our whiteboard session.</p>
<p>What have we got here?</p>
<p>So I said we've got a student.</p>
<p>We've also got a course.</p>
<p>Course is probably the core table there.</p>
<p>So I'm going to create that table first.</p>
<p>of course.</p>
<p>If I spelt it correctly.</p>
<p>Okay, so I'm going to enable row level security.</p>
<p>We're not worried about it being real time.</p>
<p>I need a column of a name.</p>
<p>So this is a some text here.</p>
<p>And I'm also going to edit description.</p>
<p>Okay, what have we done here?</p>
<p>This is the Superface Editor, so it's a great way to run a Postgres database in the cloud.</p>
<p>And it allows me to just add a record there like so.</p>
<p>I've got no active RSL policies at the present that will add those as needed.</p>
<p>Insert a row to begin with.</p>
<p>That's automatic.</p>
<p>That we'll just use now.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>First course is going to be on CSS.</p>
<p>So why not?</p>
<p>CSS description.</p>
<p>And now I've got my first table, awesome.</p>
<p>Okay, so I've got our homepage.</p>
<p>Got a table set up, we've got all the authentication done there.</p>
<p>We're on our way to actually building our app out.</p>
<p>Okay, so what are we gonna do next?</p>
<p>We've got our attics installed, we've got super base now installed, we've got a table set up in the cloud, We've got a get repo now of our project.</p>
<p>So that's now publicly available.</p>
<p>So you guys can see that as well.</p>
<p>And I'm just gonna add this div container now, and push that live.</p>
<p>[silence] Okay, that's pushed to local file, it's sync up.</p>
<p>Alright, so now we have this project.</p>
<p>We've got I guess the core parts of it that we initially needed set up.</p>
<p>We've got a dev container that can go with it.</p>
<p>We've got our Radix UI installed.</p>
<p>We've got the Superbase Auth helper here, the Superbase JS file, which is what we will used to retrieve the data from Superbase.</p>
<p>We've got ESLint, we've got ESLint config next, so it's a lint configuration for Next.js.</p>
<p>We've got Next itself, so next version 13.</p>
<p>React DOM, React, the other thing that I would like to add to this is prettier.</p>
<p>So I'm going to stop this and add that to the project.</p>
<p>Okay I gently use prettier and ESLint together.</p>
<p>One for formatting and one for finding errors.</p>
<p>Okay so let's install there.</p>
<p>Okay that's done like that.</p>
<p>That's installed and do I have the extension?</p>
<p>Okay so I'm going to install those in the dev container.</p>
<p>So I've got 'pretty' here, I can add 's-lint', I can sort of get it added.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Okay so those are both added there.</p>
<p>Again more changes, pretty as installed.</p>
<p>Add to my config, package config, package.</p>
<p>json added prettier.</p>
<p>And the other thing that I don't properly want to do, make sure I've got those extensions installed, now they're going to be part of this container, they're part of this user interface.</p>
<p>So we've got those there.</p>
<p>The other last thing I can do when we're starting up the project.</p>
<p>It's always nice to have a MPM install.</p>
<p>So this is going to start the project up when it first makes those dev containers and it is going to install all the node modules.</p>
<p>So I have that rebuild.</p>
<p>Just saving the next person that has to probably open the project or ourselves.</p>
<p>Another thing to do basically of installing npm packages.</p>
<p>Okay cool, I think I'm going to stop here today.</p>
<p>So we've got sort of like the basics there of the project.</p>
<p>It's all been configured, It's been set up.</p>
<p>We've grabbed a lot of parts from the existing template there for the likes of Next.js with Superbase And we've also set up our Superbase table Until next time we will do actually get the authentication running and We will try and get some data showing on the page coming from our database Hope you all enjoyed that Please like and subscribe if you haven't already That makes it easier to you know Not to keep doing more of these videos if I get the feedback there from you guys Please comment as well if you've got any questions And I'll try to answer those two All right.</p>
<p>Have a great day and I will see you next time.</p>
<p>Catch you later.</p>
<p><em>Please note this transcript was edited for clarity.</em></p>
Build a Full-Stack web app with Next.js - Part 1 - Planning2023-09-17T03:11:44Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/build-a-full-stack-next-js-planning/<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/Udp76P_G-x-320.63e7c43aae.avif 320w, /static/Udp76P_G-x-720.9b48def330.avif 720w, /static/Udp76P_G-x-1024.4035ddeb22.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/Udp76P_G-x-320.0459dd578e.webp 320w, /static/Udp76P_G-x-720.b2dc5df3b6.webp 720w, /static/Udp76P_G-x-1024.e89f95fe2e.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/Udp76P_G-x-320.d2ac5f3e5c.png 320w, /static/Udp76P_G-x-720.2c54594641.png 720w, /static/Udp76P_G-x-1024.5e9dac2abd.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/jpeg" srcset="/static/Udp76P_G-x-320.2bc51bb6cf.jpeg 320w, /static/Udp76P_G-x-720.a8b7acf1b4.jpeg 720w, /static/Udp76P_G-x-1024.3ed7a393fb.jpeg 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="&quot;A web full-stack app built with NextJS&quot; / Bing Image Creator" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/Udp76P_G-x-320.2bc51bb6cf.jpeg" width="1024" height="1024"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">"A web full-stack app built with NextJS" / Bing Image Creator</figcaption></figure>
<p>The following is a transcript of my live stream on YouTube Sep 14, 2023 on Dev Containers in VS Code. This transcript has been lightly edited for length and clarity. In this stream I went over the planning stages of a project. First on a virtual whiteboard. I started with a brainstorm of ideas, then moved onto wireframes. Then circled back to start thinking about what features and functionality I would need to build the app. I also talked about the pros and cons of building a UI library from scratch or using something that is already pre-tested and available. Finally I went over the data structure and how I would store the data.</p>
<p>To view the Wireframes I created in the stream, please see the following link:
<a href="https://excalidraw.com/#json=almP8vw8UnTN7cR6Zk6Xf,aIx7EgfHxXwpKKnv6k3IbQ">Wireframes on Excalidraw</a></p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4xhebsXoSn4?si=YdTF06KTLVE8xH24" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/0otkYdBu28-320.c510655d9a.avif 320w, /static/0otkYdBu28-720.1b509d2736.avif 720w, /static/0otkYdBu28-1024.adca5e61bb.avif 1024w, /static/0otkYdBu28-1280.b76f0dbb5a.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/0otkYdBu28-320.9fa1e2ce06.webp 320w, /static/0otkYdBu28-720.31b87ab3f0.webp 720w, /static/0otkYdBu28-1024.df0f78f2cc.webp 1024w, /static/0otkYdBu28-1280.aeee784976.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/0otkYdBu28-320.06e0a28f14.png 320w, /static/0otkYdBu28-720.5d516b5fe9.png 720w, /static/0otkYdBu28-1024.e612129e82.png 1024w, /static/0otkYdBu28-1280.b4d4e7e787.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="The Whiteboard from the Stream" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/0otkYdBu28-320.06e0a28f14.png" width="1280" height="832"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">The Whiteboard from the Stream</figcaption></figure>
<hr>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>Alright, we are live, sorry for the delay.</p>
<p>Can you even hear me?</p>
<p>There's a few people watching on the stream.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Alright, so what am I doing today?</p>
<p>I am going to build a full stack app with Next.js.</p>
<p>So I had a few ideas for projects, but something I guess that is kind of floating my boat is trying to build an LMS.</p>
<p>And an LMS, a learning management system, can have things like videos, code tutorials, documents.</p>
<p>There's a whole range of things.</p>
<p>And what the cool thing about it is there are parts of the app that will need to be public, and there will be parts that will need to be private.</p>
<p>You will also need some sort of login, and there will be some need for an admin of some sort as well.</p>
<p>So it's quite a big wide ranging project, and I know I'm not going to be able to do it all in one hour.</p>
<p>So it's going to be a constant stream of every couple of days I will try and chip away a little bit more in it.</p>
<p>So it should be quite fun.</p>
<p>And yeah, it should be exciting as well in terms of hopefully some of you may have used Next.js before, but this is version 13, I believe.</p>
<p>A few things have changed since I've last used it.</p>
<p>So I'll be learning a little bit as well as you guys.</p>
<p>So that's all good.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So before we even get started, I guess what am I going to do in terms of the actual planning stage I guess?</p>
<p>That's probably one of the first steps.</p>
<p>I'm going to jump to my screen.</p>
<p>There you go.</p>
<p>So sometimes best to when you're starting to think of ideas and how you're going to do something, it's best to sort of whiteboard it.</p>
<p>This is about as close as I can get to a whiteboard on a stream.</p>
<p>This is freeform.</p>
<p>So let's chuck in, I guess, the title.</p>
<p>What are we going to call it?</p>
<p>Going to be a LMS on Next.JS.</p>
<p>Let me know in the chat if anything is hard to read as well.</p>
<p>Because I want everyone to be able to see it.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so a couple of things that we're going to need for an LMS.</p>
<p>We're of course going to need the project so that's a given.</p>
<p>But we're actually going to need like a couple of things in terms of planning and that sort of things.</p>
<p>So let's put some of those together.</p>
<p>We could have, I notice a circle here.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Bring it to the front.</p>
<p>Okay and we're going to need probably some wireframes.</p>
<p>That's probably a good place to start.</p>
<p>We're going to need some way of storing the actual data that's going to be part of the LMS.</p>
<p>So let's do that.</p>
<p>So we want to determine how we store data.</p>
<p>Okay, um big thing, colour theme, really important.</p>
<p>We'll need that, colour theme.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>I guess Sort of be like I talked about before there will need to be some parts of it that are sort of sitting in the public and that can be indexed by Google and so we'll need public pages. This is just my big sort of my map of kind of how I'm gonna build it all. What else do we need we're gonna have logged in pages. Okay As soon as we say that we need to be logged in in some way We then we need to actually you know think about it in terms of what are we gonna use for authentication?</p>
<p>What's it gonna be?</p>
<p>What's the scope that can be made up of?</p>
<p>Do we build?</p>
<p>Do we use something that's off the shelf?</p>
<p>It's tricky.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>What else do we need?</p>
<p>Anyone else?</p>
<p>So many ideas.</p>
<p>The chat.</p>
<p>Do you think the communication we've got that some sort of data store?</p>
<p>We might need some sort of how the videos are managed.</p>
<p>So media.</p>
<p>How will that be handled?</p>
<p>I guess what else do I want to have in it?</p>
<p>What would be another good thing?</p>
<p>I guess with a lot of LMSs you're going to need some authentication.</p>
<p>You might need different types of permissions.</p>
<p>So we're going to need some way to manage roles.</p>
<p>So I could see there could be different types of users.</p>
<p>So you could be someone-- maybe a student could be one type of role, and another role could be an admin or a course content editor that could be in different roles we'd need.</p>
<p>Let's do that.</p>
<p>So what am I going to do for student?</p>
<p>I might just call it content editor.</p>
<p>Make it very generic.</p>
<p>What else could we have?</p>
<p>We've got public pages.</p>
<p>We've got logged in pages.</p>
<p>We've got authentication.</p>
<p>We've got our roles.</p>
<p>Students, content editor, it's a way to have some data stored, how we're gonna handle media.</p>
<p>A tutor for marking, yeah there could be another role with that a great one.</p>
<p>What would that be?</p>
<p>What would be a good name?</p>
<p>So it could be just Marker, I guess.</p>
<p>We'll keep it generic.</p>
<p>We can always change these later, of course.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>What How sort of people like to see in LMS?</p>
<p>How would the students maybe question something or how could they raise any issues?</p>
<p>Any ideas?</p>
<p>No.</p>
<p>I'm thinking maybe they could have comments, so they could actually like comment on the video to make it, I guess, a bit more interactive there with people that are administrating the course.</p>
<p>Plenty of LMSs of use in the past that they have some sort of comment system they could have a forum page.</p>
<p>Oh, we're starting to get feature group ready aren't we?</p>
<p>That's all good.</p>
<p>Well I think that the tricky part is in anything when you're doing this is the scoping is you know basically fine tuning it down to what are things that you need to get started and we'll go after that.</p>
<p>But I think pretty much a comments thing would be easy to, well a basic comment because this I've got to be careful with it.</p>
<p>Non-threaded comments would probably be fine, maybe on each sort of page that could work.</p>
<p>What else?</p>
<p>I've got Marker, I've got a Content Interact of Student, Communication.</p>
<p>Cool thing about authentication is it could be done in a couple of ways.</p>
<p>So in my head I'm thinking you could have just a traditional sort of email password, which is fine, absolutely, some people love it.</p>
<p>But we could also use a single sign-on, say like, authenticating with Google or LinkedIn, any of those sort of single sign-ons apps, that would be pretty good to be able to do that.</p>
<p>So I'll just leave it pretty blank at the moment, single sign on sounds like a good one.</p>
<p>Probably leaning towards I guess a bit more professional LinkedIn maybe, which means that we could maybe do some cool sort of badges or something like that when they've finished a course or something like that.</p>
<p>But yeah that's something to think about in the future.</p>
<p>Yeah so we can have these.</p>
<p>I think this is like probably the minimum I think that I'd like to launch with.</p>
<p>Yeah, it's looking pretty cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>I guess the tricky one I've kind of left off.</p>
<p>Come to it later I think after the wireframes.</p>
<p>This choosing maybe you know build a UI library from scratch or use something that's already pre-tested and available already.</p>
<p>It's those cons and pros of trying to do all this stuff.</p>
<p>Cool okay I'm just start now so now I've got sort of some brainstorming I guess of what I plan to do save it for starters I'll rename it, there we go RMS brainstorm cool Sorry there.</p>
<p>Wireframes.</p>
<p>I think that's where I'm gonna start.</p>
<p>going to help get that visual sort of idea of what I want to do for my design there.</p>
<p>I'm going to keep it pretty simple.</p>
<p>I'm going to use something else.</p>
<p>I could use this but I think I'll jump to Excalidraw just because it's nice and simple.</p>
<p>I always forget how you create a new one.</p>
<p>Reset the canvas, that's one.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Alright, okay cool.</p>
<p>So well, for starters this is going to be a responsive web app.</p>
<p>So I'm going to build it with a mind that I'm going to have sort of mobile sized screens and tablets and of course desktops.</p>
<p>Make that look a bit narrower.</p>
<p>Let's do that for a tablet.</p>
<p>And of course the desktop.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Any design I'm going to need to have, I guess, some sort of header or some sort of notification that the users can be able to navigate around.</p>
<p>So I'm just going to put something like this here.</p>
<p>Again these can be as rough as you want.</p>
<p>Sometimes having it low fidelity is great because it means that you're just going to not be limited kind of what going to be doing.</p>
<p>So that could be my nav up there.</p>
<p>Let's do, that's my logo for now.</p>
<p>And some sort of navigation.</p>
<p>I just put a text label for now.</p>
<p>I don't know if I put it as an icon or what.</p>
<p>Comic Sans.</p>
<p>Okay, that's the one thing I don't like about.</p>
<p>There we go, about a Excalidraw.</p>
<p>Okay, here.</p>
<p>Of course this is gonna have a bit more room for menu items.</p>
<p>Okay awesome.</p>
<p>Okay so I've got you know basic navigation logos sort of here area it's gonna be consistent across the different sized screens there but I'm gonna have to actually make up a whole of different pages.</p>
<p>So I'm just gonna put a label beside this this is gonna be it's gonna be the home.</p>
<p>That's the kind of landing page that's gonna be a page that I want people to come to and be able to know sort of what they're coming to a site about, what's it going to try and get them to sign up, get them to see what's on offer and be able to do a course.</p>
<p>So what I could do is I'd have some sort of maybe hero image here which would then entice people to want to be able to take a look.</p>
<p>So I'm just going to do like a common thing is images is of course to have a cross-line for it to denote an image and have some sort of call to action, maybe call to action button or something like that that's going to get people to sign up Just keep it really rough.</p>
<p>Ok, so that's on a mobile screen, front and centre, right in that first section as they come to the app they're going to see what's on offer, hopefully a nice visual image explaining what's on offer, getting them to sign up.</p>
<p>I'm going to want to do something similar for the tablet but I've got a little bit more room.</p>
<p>So what I could do rather than just have the one kind of image here.</p>
<p>Is it option or is it control?</p>
<p>I've got one there.</p>
<p>I could do maybe two side by side that would make use of the extra room there.</p>
<p>Let's see, let's set 50/50.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>All right, OK, so we've got sort of two by side by side now.</p>
<p>We've got a button here.</p>
<p>Again, of course, call to action.</p>
<p>Trying to get people to sign up.</p>
<p>Maybe start a course.</p>
<p>some of the courses may be initially free.</p>
<p>I'm not quite sure yet.</p>
<p>I haven't quite figured that plan out but that's definitely could be on the roadmap.</p>
<p>And where's my selection tool?</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>I copied that.</p>
<p>And for the next one I'm going to make it so that it is..</p>
<p>I'm going to get three across at the moment.</p>
<p>I might change my mind later.</p>
<p>But that's probably a good place to start.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Awesome okay so home page, um, thinking, thinking MVP here, so MVP is either minimum viable product which I don't quite like that much.</p>
<p>I prefer the minimum valuable product because the reality is people aren't going to use your stuff unless it's valuable to them.</p>
<p>So you want to make it not just viable, you want to make it so that people will actually want to sign up and pay money for it, so that's making it invaluable to them.</p>
<p>Okay, so we've got those through there, sign up.</p>
<p>I think the other thing I'll probably just put on for now is a footer, and I'll keep it pretty low key again, probably just some links I think in the bottom here.</p>
<p>Again, sort of placeholders, not really doing any fought to the content yet although I should at some point.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>I'm getting it in right click and.</p>
<p>Is it just vertically?</p>
<p>Right.</p>
<p>Right.</p>
<p>Two symbols.</p>
<p>I'll leave the line there.</p>
<p>Cool, cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Imagine these would maybe be two columns on the tablet.</p>
<p>maybe two columns on the tablet maybe a third one down here.</p>
<p>And sort of getting that flow of content.</p>
<p>And of course with the mobile that's just going to stack.</p>
<p>like so.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, you know, starting to get things together, like what our home page would be.</p>
<p>I guess the next step, you know, we've got that call to action there.</p>
<p>What I could do instead, from the next step, I guess, would be to have maybe a sign-up page.</p>
<p>So let's do that.</p>
<p>One more.</p>
<p>While I've got these I'm just gonna grab the header and I'm gonna try and get this all rapidly put together I'm not missing my Okay and of course I'm going to use these multiple times so I should probably um duplicate this.</p>
<p>I'll not do what I've just done now which took forever.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>I don't care if this is a wonderful thing, when it copies properly.</p>
<p>Let's try that again.</p>
<p>I'll get everyone more.</p>
<p>Okay so I've got my home, I'm going to sign up process.</p>
<p>Generally I'm gonna have a multitude of things I guess for a sign up process and especially one with a single sign up.</p>
<p>So what I'll do is a form, something like this and I'm gonna have my label, I'm gonna use email and I use password, the first option.</p>
<p>And I'm gonna have options for.</p>
<p>That's the wrong way.</p>
<p>Something like that.</p>
<p>Hey Belinda, cool to have you on the stream.</p>
<p>Hopefully we'll get to next.</p>
<p>We might still be on the planning stages but that's okay.</p>
<p>It's a long process.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay so I got my email address.</p>
<p>I got my password.</p>
<p>And I'm going to need a couple of buttons.</p>
<p>Feeling like LinkedIn.</p>
<p>LinkedIn, maybe.</p>
<p>Because this could be for a enterprise or work user as well, so.</p>
<p>They could have Microsoft and maybe.</p>
<p>Okay, well, that might be a good subset.</p>
<p>I'll single sign on.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so thinking about it in terms of the users coming in, if they're looking on a mobile, well it probably would be nice to guess to have some more introduction sort of things.</p>
<p>Let's kind of just skip straight to the point on my mobile screen and try to get them to fill in their details there or hit one of these buttons and go through that process of using the single sign-on.</p>
<p>So what are we going to have different on a tablet?</p>
<p>So I should probably have my label here.</p>
<p>And I'll try and copy, I want to reuse it because I don't want to have to start completely from scratch.</p>
<p>I'm going to put that to the right and I think the ratio is quite right but the why to sign up.</p>
<p>So why would someone want to actually to do that have that there on the page so they come in on a bigger screen they'd see that but they'd also have course this on the mobile it's just that it's not going to be easily visible I guess above the fold there.</p>
<p>So we still have it, we just have it a bit lower down.</p>
<p>Make it a bit more square.</p>
<p>So desktop is next and again I can probably use a lot of what I've already got for the some tablet sort of size.</p>
<p>I can play around with my ratios a bit more.</p>
<p>I've got a bit more room to breathe.</p>
<p>Potential here to have a nice hero image.</p>
<p>What are the benefits, features or something like that.</p>
<p>Could be as an image or it could be as text.</p>
<p>Not quite sure yet.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Sign up.</p>
<p>That's done.</p>
<p>Of course when you have a sign up you're also going to need some sort of login.</p>
<p>I want to have this, the reason I've just not haven't done a lot on the sign up process is I don't want actually too much of a barrier there to get them first in the door.</p>
<p>Ideally as being a, I guess, a potential student user, try to collect the minimum amount of information as possible.</p>
<p>So maybe email, password, I can take them to a profile page later and they can fill in those kind of details.</p>
<p>So I'll just try and keep it super simple and the other cool thing about this is if I have it very simple like this I can actually reuse it.</p>
<p>I can use this for my login as well.</p>
<p>Sometimes we want to take some shortcuts.</p>
<p>Again this is a MVP but I'm trying to build.</p>
<p>It's not gonna be all singing and dancing yet but it's really good to try So try and be mindful of how you can sort of do things and not take too much time.</p>
<p>Okay so let's do that.</p>
<p>Sign up.</p>
<p>I guess probably the two most important pages of an LMS is going to be the actual, I guess like an overview page of what the course is.</p>
<p>And then secondly, the actual each detail.</p>
<p>So design a detail page for the course content there.</p>
<p>And that course content could be text, could be video, it could be PDFs to download, it could be potentially a survey or a questionnaire.</p>
<p>maybe some things to think about in the future.</p>
<p>But if we want to think about this in terms of, I guess, any VP side of things, probably the most common thing with an LMS would be my text, and maybe a video.</p>
<p>Having those two, I think, would be a good starting point.</p>
<p>So let's have one of these labels.</p>
<p>Sorry, what I'm gonna do, I'm gonna do what I call it.</p>
<p>Namely things is hard, really hard.</p>
<p>So we've got a course overview.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Start with that.</p>
<p>Course overview and if they're going to be able to see basically a list.</p>
<p>Key things that they're going to be wanting to be able to see of course is their progress so that they can come back to it later.</p>
<p>So this could be cross section and we're going to have to indicate in some way what they have and haven't done.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
<p>[ Pause ] I'm going to make it a little bit easier to see.</p>
<p>Alright.</p>
<p>Um, am I going to change it for the desktop and my bar, and the tablet, sorry?</p>
<p>Probably?</p>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p>I guess we could just have more content to be honest.</p>
<p>We could have a bigger description.</p>
<p>So what I'm going to do is just stretch these out a little bit.</p>
<p>And I can do the same on the disk top and have some description of course or something.</p>
<p>I just realised I lost more than this.</p>
<p>Not again.</p>
<p>Might actually make this stick.</p>
<p>I might actually make this stacked.</p>
<p>I'll do the same.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>So, description.</p>
<p>like that, like that.</p>
<p>Like so, cool.</p>
<p>Probably what other two minimum screens I can need?</p>
<p>I need a the actual details itself of the actual course, so I'll need to represent that in some way so we've got some idea of what we're actually going to need.</p>
<p>So literally I could see it being, it will have the section title and then we'll have either text blocks or video.</p>
<p>Does this have scallops on?</p>
<p>No it doesn't.</p>
<p>Not particularly great but it'll help I guess get our understanding of what we're actually trying to do.</p>
<p>We're on top of the block I think it has to be a let's make it look like a block.</p>
<p>Yeah something like that.</p>
<p>Left align.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Alright, so we've got our section, we'll probably have a video of some sort.</p>
<p>I'm just going to sort of represent it somewhere like this.</p>
<p>It doesn't have to be too great, it just has to look like something.</p>
<p>I'll recognise when I come back to it and go, what was that that I was trying to draw?</p>
<p>There you go.</p>
<p>And maybe another black text box underneath that.</p>
<p>And of course we talked about it before going back to my map.</p>
<p>I talked about comments.</p>
<p>So I will add comment block on the bottom.</p>
<p>I know someone like that maybe.</p>
<p>Very rough.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>I don't know if I'll actually do it anything different for the tablet.</p>
<p>Um.</p>
<p>And then again, for the desktop, I don't know if I'll do it that much different too.</p>
<p>Instead I'd probably just make use of the area to actually have a bigger area for viewing the video.</p>
<p>So let's do that.</p>
<p>This one needs to be in print.</p>
<p>I'll just use my crew drawing.</p>
<p>The number one thing with a wireframe is that you want it to be relatively quick to put together, and the second thing is that you want it to at least be recognisable so that when you show it to someone else they would actually hopefully understand what you're trying to do.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay, so I've got a course overview.</p>
<p>This will be my course detail.</p>
<p>That weird some weird artifact there.</p>
<p>I was sure that was.</p>
<p>And I'm going to put this here.</p>
<p>Course detail.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Alright, okay, cool.</p>
<p>And so I've got those, I've got my layout, I've got my course detail, I've got my course overview.</p>
<p>Sign up page and slash login page and a home page.</p>
<p>I guess the next kind of, what is probably the minimum.</p>
<p>Again because I'm doing this as an MVP, it won't have all the nice admin that it plays yet.</p>
<p>This will be, initially we'll just have it so that it's in a format which I can edit it.</p>
<p>So it can be a bit more technical.</p>
<p>And if it's making some entries in a database tool, that's fine.</p>
<p>OK, alright.</p>
<p>OK, I'm happy with that.</p>
<p>I'm going to save that.</p>
<p>I always forget what to do.</p>
<p>Here we go, save.</p>
<p>I'm going to save it as a, I'm going to save it to disk.</p>
<p>I'll put it into my downloads.</p>
<p>These aren't of course finished, this is just getting to a point where I think we've got something to start with.</p>
<p>I bet you're all itching to sort of kick off the project and see how that goes.</p>
<p>Okay, a few more steps I've got to do along the way.</p>
<p>Coming back to our brainstorming.</p>
<p>So what could we have initially?</p>
<p>What I'm going to do is I'm just going to circle what I think I can actually, I guess, can get away with as doing for my MVP.</p>
<p>I'll just use that tool.</p>
<p>It's a bit big.</p>
<p>So I could get away with having just the role for a student potentially.</p>
<p>What else could I get away with?</p>
<p>I could potentially just have email password as your authentication and then add the single sign on later.</p>
<p>What else do?</p>
<p>What can I get away with?</p>
<p>Well, I've done the wireframes, I've done that.</p>
<p>We're not going to be escape this one to determine how we store data because that's pretty important.</p>
<p>View authentication, again that's going to be important.</p>
<p>Logged in pages, definitely.</p>
<p>And public pages.</p>
<p>Okay so what would I store?</p>
<p>Probably the key thing out there as well that I also need.</p>
<p>I've got nothing there really talking about the course structure so what do I need?</p>
<p>I'm just gonna call it data and from this point I'm gonna need the, I need to see the course, so there will be a course, so it will be the parent, it will have a child of course details, I have a course section, have a child of course section and it will also need the course media which I could probably break up into two things which would be some text, markdown maybe, so the actual content for a section and the other could be media.</p>
<p>I didn't make it videos because I want to make this kind of generic, some media could have a type of video, maybe a type of image, probably is one MVP sort of sort of things.</p>
<p>So I'll put those labels there to that so that we don't forget that.</p>
<p>Um so image and video.</p>
<p>I think that's kind of the minimums that I can get away with here.</p>
<p>and start drawing some lines to stuff so it makes it a bit easier to come back to when we're talking about.</p>
<p>OK, a couple more.</p>
<p>You can't move it easily.</p>
<p>Alright cool.</p>
<p>Course media, course text.</p>
<p>Markdown.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>Cool, so that's like the actual core things of what people are actually going to view or read or watch.</p>
<p>They're going to need to of course then have a comments attached to it.</p>
<p>So, I'll do another one.</p>
<p>I'll probably attach the.</p>
<p>Do I attach the comments to the media?</p>
<p>Or should I attach the contents.</p>
<p>The comments, sorry.</p>
<p>To the section?</p>
<p>I'm gonna keep it quite high level, so I think I'll keep it to the section.</p>
<p>And that will be a mini to iron.</p>
<p>Okay, how are we looking?</p>
<p>Okay, comments, data.</p>
<p>This is kind of one of my key areas, is the data course, course section, course media, comments, text mark down, media, image and video.</p>
<p>It's a little confusing.</p>
<p>I'm just going to drop these.</p>
<p>And wrap it.</p>
<p>Is that a type for media?</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Comments.</p>
<p>Got that covered.</p>
<p>Got some form of student.</p>
<p>students can need some sort of profile.</p>
<p>Thinking of it as the MVP, I might try and get away without having any details yet.</p>
<p>But what I probably can't get away with is the student's progress.</p>
<p>That's really important, they need to be able to see what they've actually looked at and when they come back to the LMS they're going to be able to see you know what the actual what section they got up to and yeah we want to be able to just take them straight back into it and not have to navigate around obviously as well.</p>
<p>This would be sweet for it.</p>
<p>I'm just making school course progress.</p>
<p>So that's progress.</p>
<p>That's going to be attached to the student.</p>
<p>It's pretty cool student progress and I'm going to make a table for student I think as well.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>All right, so we've got student, got the progress, that's going to be attached to the course.</p>
<p>Student progress course, course section, course media.</p>
<p>This is definitely not a database diagram.</p>
<p>enrollment then of course.</p>
<p>Ooh I like that Belinda, that's a good one.</p>
<p>So I don't need a student progress.</p>
<p>Maybe I can have a course enrollment table.</p>
<p>[silence] multiple enrollment records with the student's name in it.</p>
<p>Or ID.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>This very much looks like I'm already going down the path of a sort of relationship style database.</p>
<p>So I think that's kind of a given so far.</p>
<p>It's not probably a little bit more.</p>
<p>I mean you could do this with something like MongoDB, but I'm thinking I will probably use Postgres for this.</p>
<p>So that would be cool.</p>
<p>So we've made a decision I think.</p>
<p>That's good.</p>
<p>Again with this brainstorming.</p>
<p>So I've talked about that.</p>
<p>That's kind of to determine what I'm going to store.</p>
<p>Comments, kind of got that in the data now so I might just leave that for now.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Let's do that.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we're starting to get like a key list of actual requirements now for the project.</p>
<p>Key ones being I need to be able to have some authentication system.</p>
<p>It's going to need some roles in the future.</p>
<p>It's going to need a somewhere to map that to maybe a relational database where I can have the parent and children relationships not only for the course but those that are enrolled into it, their progress, comments, the course media, so there's going to be a parent and child relationship around that as well and I think that's the core parts I think that I can get away with.</p>
<p>Yep.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>So I need something that's going to be able to do authentication and database.</p>
<p>There could be two different things.</p>
<p>I could use two different services.</p>
<p>I could have a Docker image running Postgres and I could use potentially something like Octa for sort of authentication there.</p>
<p>Octa or Off Zero, having its little baby brother.</p>
<p>Alternatively, there's one thing that's coming to my mind that could do both.</p>
<p>And actually also hopefully save us some time.</p>
<p>How do you know these things?</p>
<p>This is the hard part, is basically you don't unless you've been searching out there for this kind of stuff.</p>
<p>It's like how would you know what to even search for?</p>
<p>But you could just like 4-0 of course.</p>
<p>4-0 is basically your identification platform.</p>
<p>So it's got the ability there to do all the, just like we want there, email password and continue with either sort of like Google or Office or like I've talked about LinkedIn as well.</p>
<p>There's definitely something I could do.</p>
<p>And on the database side, I could just use Postgres database.</p>
<p>I could use maybe You can see here there's Amazon advertising there on that sponsored link for having a SQL Postgres database that's hosted on Amazon and it's a database as a service.</p>
<p>Again, got the actual Postgres site.</p>
<p>I know of another thing that would be quite beneficial.</p>
<p>And that would be Superbase.</p>
<p>So what I try to think about is, Firebase would probably be more similar to something like Mongo and it allows you to have a communication system, data structure and even things like being able to have storage on that side of things.</p>
<p>So, media.</p>
<p>We can do the same with Superbase and Superbase is very similar to Firebase.</p>
<p>As you know, that's something here.</p>
<p>database is an open source Firebase alternative and the cool thing about it, it's got a nice integration of Next.js.</p>
<p>Check, that's what we're going to be using.</p>
<p>It's got authentication.</p>
<p>It's got a database that's relational.</p>
<p>Cool, so everyone is probably familiar with a relational database, a SQL database.</p>
<p>Postgres one is a great open source solution.</p>
<p>Again, it's got storage so we could store things like videos and images.</p>
<p>That probably suits us nicely.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>So I think we've made some decisions around that that we could, you know, we've got the ability there to do our authentication.</p>
<p>So let's double check to make sure that we're going to be able to do some sort of single sign-on to have LinkedIn.</p>
<p>How can I find that out?</p>
<p>Good question.</p>
<p>Let's go into the documentation.</p>
<p>Enterprise, single sign on, social login.</p>
<p>Yes, okay so we've got LinkedIn, we've got Google, we've got Microsoft, whereas you're using Slack, which actually, that could be quite a good one too.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Awesome okay so those that's all great that's social login that's going to be perfect we've got the ability to do logon with email again that's looking perfect for what we need maybe we've got a quick start there for next so we'll probably jump into this soon probably not today And what else do we need?</p>
<p>We needed to look at it in terms of database.</p>
<p>So I know that for a fact that Superbase actually also has a quite nice editing tool that's all web-based as well.</p>
<p>So you can administer your site I guess while you're in that sort of early stages before you have I guess a full-blown actual interface there that people would be able to manage content in.</p>
<p>Like I said in the whiteboarding here, let's try and keep it down to the minimum here.</p>
<p>We want to try and get this out on launch so try to minimize your scope is a good way of doing that.</p>
<p>Okay, alright so I'm feeling pretty happy about that.</p>
<p>I think Superbase seems to be covering quite a few of my options.</p>
<p>Communication, so it's got an SQL editor here, it's got a table view editor.</p>
<p>So I've technically got a very basic admin that I can use at least to get started to be able to add content, to add videos and sort of get started there, which is pretty cool.</p>
<p>And another normal thing that anyone will question of course is price.</p>
<p>always a good question to sort of ask.</p>
<p>Let's look at pricing here.</p>
<p>We've got a zero dollar.</p>
<p>Looks like it's social auth providers.</p>
<p>So we've got, it's quite generous I think that 500 megs, that should be fine.</p>
<p>Probably not so much on the file storage at 1 gig, the video's big, but you can start off there at least and get going.</p>
<p>And you can have 50,000 monthly active users.</p>
<p>I wish I could have 50,000 monthly active users.</p>
<p>It's more than could expect.</p>
<p>So that's probably good in terms of getting up and running fast.</p>
<p>Next on the list.</p>
<p>How's it gonna look?</p>
<p>This is a tricky one.</p>
<p>I could of course go and make a full custom CSS theme layout that's probably going to be quite slow to get started.</p>
<p>It'll take me quite a long time to build our component library and it's actually really hard to beat something that's already pre-configured.</p>
<p>So even if you think about Tailwind even, you know, in terms of development speed, it's still going to make you a little bit faster there because you're not sort of starting from scratch completely.</p>
<p>But I'll probably take it one step further again while I'll be able to have a lot of freedom in terms of customisation with something like Tailwind.</p>
<p>I'll show you what I mean by that.</p>
<p>There's actually another article, there's a couple articles about Tailwind on my own website as well.</p>
<p>If you want to have a look Tail and what is Tail in CSS?</p>
<p>So I've got a brief introduction about what it's all about.</p>
<p>Well worth checking out if you would like to see that.</p>
<p>Let's check it into the chat.</p>
<p>Okay, it's great.</p>
<p>I mean like I have used T quite a few times in the past, but it ends up meaning instead of having to write all our CSS out like this, we end up with it.</p>
<p>All the CSS classes are already pre-configured and we just apply them to our components and react.</p>
<p>Not bad, it's gonna be quite quick but it's still gonna require us to make all the sort of controls, form elements, things like because we're gonna need a login form so we're gonna need some sort of password field, input field.</p>
<p>We'll probably need some nice text area of some sort to be able to do a comments for the users to be able to add comments.</p>
<p>We're gonna need buttons of some sort, whether that be to enroll in a course or sign up on a form or that kind of thing.</p>
<p>Navigation, that's another thing we probably want to have.</p>
<p>We build that from scratch.</p>
<p>It's not far wrong with doing that.</p>
<p>Just time, time is our enemy I guess.</p>
<p>When you're building anything from this for yourself, there's only sort of one person, so you can only, you know, you want to sort of maximize your time being able to build things a bit faster.</p>
<p>And I could use a whole range of sort of UI libraries.</p>
<p>There's MUI which is the material UI which uses React components.</p>
<p>There's Chakra, Ant Design.</p>
<p>There's just a couple off top my head.</p>
<p>There's a version of Bootstrap that's built with React components.</p>
<p>But a new one that I've really liked the look of and again the other great thing about it is that it prioritizes accessibility.</p>
<p>It's the Radix UI.</p>
<p>So why would I want to use something like this?</p>
<p>Well you can see just from the sort of layout here if you look at the like playgrounds you know you've got a whole lot of input controls, you've got switches, you've got cards, you've got you know drop down components that kind of thing, nice little icons, what else, okay even like slider controls, not sure how to use that one but yeah there's even like a little play button there, might be something like that of course for our videos.</p>
<p>So it's quite a well-designed sort of theme I guess.</p>
<p>It's got the ability there to sort of have some customization where you can switch it already from light to dark.</p>
<p>It's got the ability for aspect ratios, avatars.</p>
<p>Block codes, a whole lot of colour theming, buttons of course, what else, all outs there, Like I said, being able to have all this stuff all ready to go is nice.</p>
<p>Umm, cheap boxes.</p>
<p>Code even.</p>
<p>That's good.</p>
<p>A menu.</p>
<p>That's pretty slick.</p>
<p>So you've got some awesome sort of ability to do a lot of this stuff out of the box without having to build it from scratch.</p>
<p>Another cool thing about this Radix library, I believe it's got really good accessibility.</p>
<p>So that's another, again, another thing that's going to also speed up time and sort of development.</p>
<p>You know, trying to make your website accessible is a really important part of building anything these days.</p>
<p>They say that somewhere between 5 and 20% of people have some sort of disability of some sort.</p>
<p>And that's pretty big numbers and that can be ranging from everything from cognitive So maybe ADHD could be low sight, so there's a lot of macular deterioration of where people cannot see things that's easily in the centre of their vision.</p>
<p>Colour blindness, there's all sorts.</p>
<p>And it's really nice to be able to have something that's already got a lot of that done for you.</p>
<p>So again, this theme's got icons, it's got quite a large big icon set, it's got colours, you know, you can use these colour schemes, and it's also got, these are primitives as well, so you've also got the ability there to I guess make some custom elements if need which is quite nice.</p>
<p>Which is cool.</p>
<p>Documentation wise, accessibility there, it's very much on the top level there.</p>
<p>Again, I've got accessible labels, keyboard navigation, focus management, it's all built on there, keyboard navigation is there.</p>
<p>So that's a great in terms of being able to build this web app.</p>
<p>So going back to our whiteboard, we've got I guess a stack.</p>
<p>Let's put like a list together of what our stack's going to be.</p>
<p>Now I've already chosen the Xjs.</p>
<p>Why?</p>
<p>I'm familiar with it.</p>
<p>It's React and it's very popular.</p>
<p>It's got the ability to also do server-side rendering and client-side rendering, which is going to be of course important for things like public pages where they need to be indexed by something like Google.</p>
<p>So next JS, we're going to have a Radix for our UI.</p>
<p>We're gonna use Superbase and that's gonna be OOF and that's gonna be DV.</p>
<p>Okay, hosting we'll worry about later.</p>
<p>I guess the one other cool thing is the videos.</p>
<p>It's storage media.</p>
<p>We'll put Superbase down for the time being.</p>
<p>I'm not sure if it's going to be cost effective in that area but we can sort that out.</p>
<p>But there you've got a full stack app that will be built with Thanks.</p>
<p>js, so we'll be able to build APIs or interfacing with Superbase anyway.</p>
<p>We'll be able to render things server-side and client-side.</p>
<p>The key thing about the client-side side of things is that we want to be able to track things like people's progress and eventually have some sort of interaction or some core sort whether that be you know questionnaires surveys that kind of thing so again it's leaning towards a a view library like React or Angular or View so that's kind of where we're looking at in terms of stack and again next why I'm using that is because it is it's react based and I'm comfortable with react sometimes it's good to work with something you know see what's up rendering Okay, awesome.</p>
<p>Okay, so I think that's, we're at 230 now.</p>
<p>I'm gonna stop I think for now.</p>
<p>But from, I guess from the next, our next session, we will jump into more of us planning, getting this tech stack set up.</p>
<p>set up and of course starting to do something like a cam bam board or some sort where we can actually break up sort of all the work that needs to be done.</p>
<p>So thank you everyone that's been watching my stream.</p>
<p>Please like and subscribe to my channel.</p>
<p>You'll get notifications of course when the next live streams are coming up.</p>
<p>I'm going to try and do about four streams a week, that's the goal, as time permits.</p>
<p>So I will post those as soon as I know.</p>
<p>I've got Robbie asking, "Have you ever added 'Would it be difficult to add next-gen to an existing project?</p>
<p>It depends.</p>
<p>I would probably instead do it the other way around, start the Next.</p>
<p>js project and if you already had some React components, I would pull them in.</p>
<p>You'd be able to do that quite easily.</p>
<p>That's probably a bit easier than starting the other way.</p>
<p>No problem now.</p>
<p>Hope you enjoyed it.</p>
<p>I will try and do the same time on Monday at 1pm.</p>
<p>Any other questions?</p>
<p>Nope.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Alright.</p>
<p>Nope, awesome.</p>
<p>Alright, have an awesome day and I'll see you next time.</p>
<p>Bye.</p>
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Dev Containers In VS Code2023-09-14T20:41:32Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/dev-containers-in-vs-code/<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/IGtRocFyqT-320.7e77f73833.avif 320w, /static/IGtRocFyqT-720.3acef8bd44.avif 720w, /static/IGtRocFyqT-1024.3e188d2662.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/IGtRocFyqT-320.a67806bb44.webp 320w, /static/IGtRocFyqT-720.866f15fdad.webp 720w, /static/IGtRocFyqT-1024.d5eacb74f3.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/IGtRocFyqT-320.0d18ad8feb.png 320w, /static/IGtRocFyqT-720.465f6270da.png 720w, /static/IGtRocFyqT-1024.88ce9be0c6.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/jpeg" srcset="/static/IGtRocFyqT-320.21f6fe9157.jpeg 320w, /static/IGtRocFyqT-720.c0f51e3fc9.jpeg 720w, /static/IGtRocFyqT-1024.1886c490a1.jpeg 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="&quot;A Dev Container&quot; / Bing Image Creator" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/IGtRocFyqT-320.21f6fe9157.jpeg" width="1024" height="1024"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">"A Dev Container" / Bing Image Creator</figcaption></figure>
<p>Dev Containers in VS Code allow packaging a project's dependencies and tools into reusable container images. This provides a consistent development environment between machines by launching the project within its dedicated container in VS Code. The live demo showcased common workflows like debugging, installing extensions, and using codespaces for cloud-based container development.</p>
<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers">VS Code Extension</a></p>
<p><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/devcontainers/containers">Dev Containers Documentation</a></p>
<p>The following is a transcript of my live stream on YouTube Sep 11, 2023 on Dev Containers in VS Code. This transcript has been lightly edited for length and clarity.</p>
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<p>Hey, it's Andrew here.</p>
<p>So today I'm going to go over developing with dev containers.</p>
<p>So for those that don't know me, I've been a teacher for about two years in software development and I just thought I'd like to share some more knowledge while I can.</p>
<p>Well I've got some free time anyway.</p>
<p>Okay what are dev containers?</p>
<p>So a dev container is a pre-configured development environment that is packaged up as a container image.</p>
<p>This image includes all of the tools and dependencies that are needed to develop a particular application.</p>
<p>These dev containers can be used to create a consistent development experience for developers, regardless of their operating system or machine configuration.</p>
<p>So Mac, Linux, Windows.</p>
<p>They can also be used to improve the productivity of developers by providing them with a ready-to-use environment that does not require any setup or configuration.</p>
<p>So these dev containers are typically created using a tool like Docker and VS Code.</p>
<p>And Docker provides a way to create and manage container images.</p>
<p>And to create the dev container, you first need to create a devcontainer JSON file.</p>
<p>This file specifies the contents of the container image.</p>
<p>The devcontainer json file can be used to install tools, dependencies, and configure the environment.</p>
<p>So a big part of software development is dependencies and managing your environment.</p>
<p>So this can take care of that for you.</p>
<p>Why would you want to use devcontainers?</p>
<p>Devkit containers can be a valuable tool for improving the development experience.</p>
<p>They can help to create a consistent development environment, improve productivity and reduce the risk of errors.</p>
<p>That's all stuff we want to do.</p>
<p>As we develop things, okay, so consistency.</p>
<p>That's a big one.</p>
<p>Consistent development experience.</p>
<p>Okay, so dev containers can help to create a consistent development experience for developers regardless of their operating system or machine configuration. So this can help to improve productivity and reduce the risk of errors. So stopping that tool works on my machine, but doesn't work on yours that kind of thing the improved productivity is is dev containers can help to improve the productivity by providing developers with a ready-to-use environment that does not require any setup or configuration.</p>
<p>We love that, don't we?</p>
<p>Being able to just get started without having to battle through a config.</p>
<p>So that can save a whole little time and frustration.</p>
<p>Reduce risk of errors.</p>
<p>So dev containers can help to reduce the risk of errors by isolating the development environment from the production environment.</p>
<p>This can help to prevent errors from being introduced in the production environment.</p>
<p>Hey people, integrated with VS Code, but development experience is much nicer than working with Docker containers alone.</p>
<p>So one cool thing is with VS Code and the containers is that the terminal can actually be looking at the container itself, which is pretty awesome.</p>
<p>So it's a UI one there.</p>
<p>Another real benefit of it is the ability to run in Codespaces.</p>
<p>What are Codespaces, you're probably asking?</p>
<p>So it's basically a thing that GitHub has, where you can run one of these dev containers on a machine in the cloud.</p>
<p>And you can do all your development.</p>
<p>You can even share it with other developers.</p>
<p>You can show off what you're working on.</p>
<p>And it's all pretty much just a quick way of sharing what you're currently working on.</p>
<p>Maybe you've got some really big requirements.</p>
<p>Maybe you're working on a low spec machine and you need something with a lot of RAM.</p>
<p>With the dev containers there, you could specify that machine to have a whole lot of RAM, and then you'd be able to use that in the cloud.</p>
<p>Now you can use that in VS Code, or you can even use it in a browser, which is pretty cool.</p>
<p>Okay, the other cool thing with Dev Containers is that it's easy swapping between projects with different dependencies.</p>
<p>Say you had a project that was using Node.js 16 and this new one needed 20.</p>
<p>By running the containers, neither version will be installed on your local file system.</p>
<p>Instead, it's going to be sitting in those containers and it's going to keep your computer craft free, which is really handy.</p>
<p>As you can imagine, every time that you'd want to have to switch between to node 16 and 20, you'd have to use some other tool to do that.</p>
<p>And the same thing could be had between, say, different versions of Python or .NET Core for starters.</p>
<p>And being able to easily switch between them just by running up a container means we don't have to worry about what's installed on your machine.</p>
<p>Okay so if you're looking away to improve the development experience, Dev Containers are a great option and they can help to create that consistent development environment that will improve productivity and reduce the risk of errors.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>A few friendly faces that I can see in the chat there, hi everyone.</p>
<p>Okay, so let's get into, let's look at the docs.</p>
<p>That's what I always like to do before I get started with anything.</p>
<p>Let's jump to <a href="http://code.visualstudio.com">code.visualstudio.com</a>.</p>
<p>Okay, so this code website, it's got some really great content here what are dev containers and what they're all about etc.</p>
<p>Probably the big one to look at is this image here and this might help sort of cement this visual model of what is actually happening.</p>
<p>Okay so on the left you've got the local operating system and inside that you've got the VS code, you've got the theme, your UI, your extensions, blah blah blah.</p>
<p>But you've also got the source code.</p>
<p>Okay so that's all sitting on your local machine.</p>
<p>So you've pulled down, cloned down a repo down to your machine and you've now got that source code there.</p>
<p>You've got the vs code, pretty much the same as what you're used to.</p>
<p>It's pretty normal.</p>
<p>But when you have a devcontainer.json file, one of the things that the yes code will do is it will pop up a little pop up saying "Would you like to open this in a container?"</p>
<p>And when it does that, so what just like as you would if you typed docker from the client line or docker compose with a docker file, that would then pull down those image, set that up locally on your machine and then make it available to work on.</p>
<p>Okay so what does it do?</p>
<p>You can see there on the right in the container you've got this VS Code server.</p>
<p>So what it actually does is it actually runs VS Code the server which is another open source project, runs that locally in that container, it mounts the source code that's sitting on your machine and then with that container there you've got the file system, you've got the terminal process, you've got the running application debugger, all those are accessible from the VS Code server and VS Code opens that port and can read that VS Code server there and so it's just literally imaging what is in that same container.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay so let's actually let's go through set up a small project and we'll add a dev container to it and so you can see how it actually works.</p>
<p>Okay let's get started with that.</p>
<p>So we're going to jump to Visual Studio Code here.</p>
<p>So I've got that open.</p>
<p>Pre-work visits you're going to need Docker.</p>
<p>See I've got Docker up in here, I've got the dashboard running.</p>
<p>At this point I've got no containers there.</p>
<p>The other thing that you are going to need is this extension here, which is dev containers.</p>
<p>I'm going to copy that, paste that into the chat for those that want to have a look.</p>
<p>Hang on, I'll get the right link here.</p>
<p>So this is the extension ID here.</p>
<p>If you do search for that in your own VS code, that should come up with the right one.</p>
<p>And you're going to need to install it of course.</p>
<p>It's got a few other prerequisites and it will sort itself out for you.</p>
<p>Okay so once that's installed you've got Docker installed up and running, you've got your VS Code, let's make a project.</p>
<p>So you'd either clone something or start fresh like I'm doing right now.</p>
<p>I'm just going to clear that.</p>
<p>Okay so I'm going to use Next we use the create next app to start building a little project that we're going to add, make it a dev container.</p>
<p>Okay so NPX, maybe something I've prepared earlier, there we go, create next app at latest.</p>
<p>So it's going to use the latest version there of next.</p>
<p>Hit enter, cool okay, my mixed dev container there we go, the name for the project.</p>
<p>We're not going to use TypeScript, I am going to use eslint, we'll use Tailwind, fix the source directory, add router and we're not going to customize the import there.</p>
<p>Okay probably seen this before if you've used next.</p>
<p>Great way to get started with a project.</p>
<p>It sets all your templates up for you.</p>
<p>You can see there it's installing all those.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Okay so now we've got a project sitting under there.</p>
<p>My next dev container.</p>
<p>So I'm going to start.</p>
<p>And there.</p>
<p>And I'll start going up from the command line there.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>Zoom in a little bit.</p>
<p>Make it easier to read.</p>
<p>How are we looking?</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Normal sort of node project, JavaScript project.</p>
<p>If we open it up, okay, so we've got some layout files, page etc.</p>
<p>Pretty much standard what we've been always used to.</p>
<p>Not really any different than say create, react, app etc.</p>
<p>All right.</p>
<p>Okay so I've got the my next dev container set up there and what I want to do is I want to make this project now startup under a dev container.</p>
<p>Now I've got that extension installed already.</p>
<p>So I do command + shift + P or control + shift + P if you're on a Windows machine.</p>
<p>If you go into the command prompt here and well, funnily enough, it's the top of my list here because it's recently been used.</p>
<p>Dev containers add dev container configuration files.</p>
<p>Okay, when I add that it gives me a whole lot of options.</p>
<p>There's pretty much every single sort of image you can think of.</p>
<p>You know, you can use standard Alpine, Debian, got some node ones and what we're gonna do is I'm gonna choose this one so this is a node.js and a PostgreSQL container.</p>
<p>Okay I'm gonna add that I'm just gonna use the default there of 20 and what I can also do is I can actually install a whole lot of other features.</p>
<p>So why would you want to do this?</p>
<p>You can see at the top there there's one password CLI.</p>
<p>So that's a if you use 1 password you can use that to you know do your logins etc.</p>
<p>You can do it all straight from the terminal inside the container.</p>
<p>And of course you've got plenty of other options here.</p>
<p>Anaconda and people doing some builds or something.</p>
<p>App packages, maybe you want to update the container.</p>
<p>Even Astro CLI.</p>
<p>Yeah there's quite a few options there.</p>
<p>Are those default options actually?</p>
<p>Let's do all.</p>
<p>I can find it.</p>
<p>The common.</p>
<p>I probably won't have to select it because it's already, yeah it's already part of it I believe.</p>
<p>But the common utilities case things like OhMyZSH and a few other nice little to haves.</p>
<p>I'm gonna add it, it's not gonna hurt.</p>
<p>Okay and I'm gonna click OK there.</p>
<p>The defaults will be pretty pretty much what you need.</p>
<p>We'll just go through them just to have a quick look but you can see there it's just this configuration of those common there.</p>
<p>So whatever you are adding in terms of software.</p>
<p>It's going to give you some options there.</p>
<p>And ZSH, we're just going to have a prettier looking shell with OhMyZSH there.</p>
<p>Okay, switch to automatic and use automatic and automatic again.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>I see previously that VS Code would do a little pop up when it opens a project that's got a dev container and sure enough it's done that little pop up you can see there.</p>
<p>So what we have here we're looking at the dev container json file so this is what's just been added.</p>
<p>It's got a few things pre-configured there it's got the name of it, nodejs + postgressql so that was the container that we selected first up.</p>
<p>It's got for those sort of used docker before you probably would have seen a docker compose file and you can also see there on the right there is a docker file okay so what are we gonna do with the little pop-ups gone we're not gonna panic for starters but we can bring that back up again so if we do Command + Shift + P okay and go dev containers and we can do rebuild or open, okay open the folder in the container, we'll start with that one.</p>
<p>It's uh oh I'm sorry where am I?</p>
<p>Open, rebuild, don't worry, open in container.</p>
<p>Okay very quickly, didn't really see that, here we go.</p>
<p>If you click on that quickly while you still have time.</p>
<p>It might be slower for you or faster depending if you've got the images already on your local machine.</p>
<p>But once that's done is what we would normally have to do if we were using just Docker alone, we'd go into the directory, we'd start docker compose, of course it would look at the compose file, start the docker and we'd all be running in that container.</p>
<p>Okay, You'll notice one little sort of point of difference when you are running under a container there.</p>
<p>You can see down in the bottom left here, okay, so it's saying that we are editing on Dev Container, Nodejs and Postgres SQL.</p>
<p>And it's basically if you pop that open, you've got a few other options here for things like attaching to the running container, you can configure the container features, all that kind of thing.</p>
<p>And like I mentioned previously, you can even create a new code space with it.</p>
<p>Okay, I'm gonna start a new terminal.</p>
<p>Okay, you've noticed anything about my terminal that it looks slightly different.</p>
<p>So when we were in the VS Code previously, I definitely wasn't in a WorkSpaces folder, I was in my developer folder I believe, and I had a YouTube folder where I've created this project.</p>
<p>So what we're actually looking at when we're looking at the terminal right now is what's in the container there.</p>
<p>How do we prove this.</p>
<p>So we can do something like this.</p>
<p>We can see the version there.</p>
<p>Okay so it's saying that the node version there is version 20.</p>
<p>Okay like when I, if you can cast your mind back you may want to jump back in the video later after we finished.</p>
<p>But you would have seen when I was setting up the devcontainer.json file there was this section there of the version of node for that image and it was version 20.</p>
<p>And when I selected that, that of course has installed that version.</p>
<p>Okay so hopefully a lot of you, some of you may be more seasoned developers remember the pain of trying to support maybe a legacy application.</p>
<p>Maybe it's running on an old version of node and you really want to install that but you don't want to have to go through maybe breaking your dev environment for something else that you've got running.</p>
<p>So these dev containers are a way for you, maybe you're working on something in node 16, and maybe you're working on another project in node 20.</p>
<p>Because they're all self-contained in these containers, and the whole development experience feels just like you're developing locally, you get a premium experience with the ability to have any dependencies that you need they're sitting in those containers and available to you at minus notice, which is way better than having to change all your whole configuration again.</p>
<p>I've got one question in the chat.</p>
<p>So the dev container JSON is used to generate the Docker files or it has other uses as well.</p>
<p>So what does it have?</p>
<p>Let's get back to it.</p>
<p>Okay, I'll just close the terminal.</p>
<p>Okay, OK.</p>
<p>It's got basically, let's just go through each part first.</p>
<p>So first of all, you've got a name so you can rename this to whatever you would like.</p>
<p>You've got the docker compose file so it's actually created a docker compose file there in this directory.</p>
<p>We'll have a look at that in a sec.</p>
<p>And you've got a docker file.</p>
<p>For those that maybe you've looked at a Docker compose or Docker file before and then we have a service and a service has the name.</p>
<p>So this is actually linking to that app straight out of the box.</p>
<p>We've not had to set that all up for us and again the WorkSpaces folder again has been pre-configured for us again using that base folder name.</p>
<p>So when we were looking at that previously in the terminal we could see, was it my dev container.</p>
<p>Okay, also this dev container has things like the features there, so we've got all the features configuration there for zsh.</p>
<p>And not only that, you can also set up, which is probably what a lot of people would like, is things like port forwarding.</p>
<p>So you got the port 3000, which is the standard port for Next.js and we've also got the standard port there for Postgres.</p>
<p>Okay so that's going to make the container have those ports open to us so that we're going to be able to use other tools to be able to view things like things like browser and I'm going show you it's sort of using a RMS tool to be able to connect to a database.</p>
<p>So again we've got all that set up and we've got the ports.</p>
<p>One other thing that we can do which again making this whole developer experience much more smoother.</p>
<p>What's normally the first thing you do when you have a no project when you want to get started.</p>
<p>That is that you're going to have to install an A module, don't you?</p>
<p>And so one way to automate that whole process is we do actually have the ability to have this post create command.</p>
<p>So once the container has all been created, we can use this post create command to then fire off the, in our case I'm going to use npm, install here and then I don't have to go through the hassle there of going to actually happen to menu and do it.</p>
<p>I know, the stress, the pain.</p>
<p>It's all going to be taken care of for me.</p>
<p>You can see there because I changed it the rebuild came out.</p>
<p>I click on that again, that's going to again read that dev container file.</p>
<p>Again take that image, it's probably not going to have to do too much apart from install the npm modules here.</p>
<p>You can see that's installing all the node elements there.</p>
<p>Okay, so that's done.</p>
<p>Like I said before, we are running on the node 20 here.</p>
<p>Just to prove that, I'm going to show you my terminal.</p>
<p>Oh, it's saying there.</p>
<p>You can see here I'm running 18.</p>
<p>Okay, so the cool thing about this, this is all self-contained.</p>
<p>You know, you could take this whole setup now, I can event this to say the GitHub and give it to my fellow workmate.</p>
<p>They would be able to clone it down as long as they've got Docker and they've got the dev containers extension.</p>
<p>When they fire it up and they load up their VS Code, it'll ask them, do they want to open this in a container, which I hope they do, they'll open in a container and it will go through this whole process, everything will be set up for them, the version of node, all the npm modules, all ready to go.</p>
<p>And all that they're going to have to do is do something like this.</p>
<p>Come into npm scripts, or no different than actually running it from here, so I'll we'll do it from the terminal just to show.</p>
<p>So npm run dev.</p>
<p>So that's starting up.</p>
<p>So I now switch back to Chrome.</p>
<p>I open my localhost, all right so now I've got just the standard sort of loading page for nextjs there.</p>
<p>It's running from a container, the ports are being forwarded, so I know that the ports here being redirected you can see there I've got that Localize 3000.</p>
<p>Let's also have a look at what is happening on the Docker site.</p>
<p>Okay looks familiar we've got our project name and inside it we've got two containers.</p>
<p>So one container is a database and the other is the app.</p>
<p>Okay so one is running the next app and the other one is running Postgres in there.</p>
<p>So this database of course is empty but I would be able to connect to it say from something like I've got bee keeper studio open here.</p>
<p>If I connect to that, I believe it's Postgres of the password by default, I connect to that.</p>
<p>Empty database, awesome.</p>
<p>So of course, you know, whole empty environment's all ready to rock in just a few seconds.</p>
<p>If you're using the same sort of container images of course on lots of different projects, you know speed's going to vary, but generally it's not too slow.</p>
<p>And the cool thing is that even the database is contained.</p>
<p>So in this case, just trying to remember what's the Postgres version.</p>
<p>We can find out actually, we can go to the Docker files probably in here.</p>
<p>Docker compose.</p>
<p>So let's just get him the latest version of Postgres there.</p>
<p>So again, this shouldn't be anything different to anyone that's used Docker before.</p>
<p>You've probably seen images etc.</p>
<p>So if we went to Docker Hub and we looked for that.</p>
<p>Talk to you in the lab.</p>
<p>Wait, no hands?</p>
<p>Hmm, I didn't let that run.</p>
<p>I'm not sure what's going on, but whatever the latest version of PostScript there, it's setting up that one.</p>
<p>So again, like I was talking before about any project is going to have some dependencies of some sort.</p>
<p>There may be something that you can't upgrade straight away.</p>
<p>It's going to require a whole lot of refactoring.</p>
<p>So because the dev containers are all self-contained, we could use an older version and not have to worry about an effecting our local machine.</p>
<p>Let's go back to VS Code there.</p>
<p>Alright.</p>
<p>Okay, let's just have a quick walk through this compose file.</p>
<p>Again, like I said, very much the same.</p>
<p>It's got the services as you normally would have.</p>
<p>It's got the app and it's got the bb.</p>
<p>And it's got that all ready to rock because you've got the environment variables there and the volume mount all set up ready.</p>
<p>So this project now is actually running in a container.</p>
<p>I can refresh, I can do just like as I normally would if I was working on an Next.js project.</p>
<p>I can go into the app folder, I can go into the page here.</p>
<p>What do I do?</p>
<p>Hello world.</p>
<p>Okay save that.</p>
<p>And sure enough I can't spell, but it's saying hello world.</p>
<p>So you can see there that it's just like you would normally be developing locally.</p>
<p>There's no sort of real noticeable difference to what you were working on.</p>
<p>Of course you could set up, you'd have a whole lot of containers running, you could actually have and have multiple running as long as you're not using the same ports.</p>
<p>So it's no different than running locally on your machine.</p>
<p>Should I put a frog in there?</p>
<p>Good idea Chelsea.</p>
<p>Okay, alright.</p>
<p>There's a frog.</p>
<p>Oh frog time's sakes.</p>
<p>Okay so that's there.</p>
<p>Of course, got a little emoji there.</p>
<p>Okay, this project is of course is, like I said, running in a container.</p>
<p>And of course if I stop that container then it's going to stop working.</p>
<p>So let's just pause.</p>
<p>Let's stop everything actually.</p>
<p>Stop it.</p>
<p>Once that finishes.</p>
<p>Straight away PS code realizes, hey something's gone wrong.</p>
<p>like I was saying before, it's using that first code server so it's requiring that to be running to be able to connect to.</p>
<p>Okay so I shouldn't be able to access this anymore.</p>
<p>It's just going to spin the wheel and it's not going to load for a time out.</p>
<p>Same for the database.</p>
<p>We've got a question there in the chat.</p>
<p>Are containers used in a production environment?</p>
<p>Yes they can.</p>
<p>So you can get quite complicated setups.</p>
<p>Maybe you've already got a project that is already using Docker in your production environment.</p>
<p>Maybe you've got a mono repo, maybe with sort of three different, maybe a server, a client, a database.</p>
<p>Actually let's pull one up.</p>
<p>Let's make this actually a bit more interactive.</p>
<p>We'll pull one up rather than just talk about it.</p>
<p>So what have I got here?</p>
<p>This is the project I made a while ago.</p>
<p>So I'll clone this down for my local machine and I'll walk through how it's kind of different to say like a traditional sort of docker setup and something you might be have in production with docker containers.</p>
<p>So I'm going to clone that down.</p>
<p>Okay so let's set the term.</p>
<p>Let's set folder, type in code.</p>
<p>All right okay it's got a workspace file it doesn't really make too much difference there um but we can see there uh it's got just the three different folders so the client see the database um and the root there which is the top level so this is a workspace file I don't know if you've used that before but um it just makes it a little bit easier to separate out all the three different parts of a mono repo.</p>
<p>Okay, so this client, we have a docker file for your client, we have a docker file for the server, it's running a sort of pin sort of stack, so postgres, express, react, and node, and if we go down to here we can see we have a docker compose file.</p>
<p>Okay so I can start this up just as I would normally.</p>
<p>I can go docker-compose up and get that actual project up and running in a container which is perfectly fine.</p>
<p>That's a that's a great way to to work and I probably wouldn't use a dev container as such if I had a project like this but we can.</p>
<p>So we're going to show you how you can do that if you want to.</p>
<p>So the easiest way to probably do that is we'll just close this.</p>
<p>We're going to jump back into the terminal here and I'm going to use docker compose up and build.</p>
<p>Okay so it's got a database there.</p>
<p>Setting up a little configuration.</p>
<p>Just waiting on the client.</p>
<p>Okay, pretty typical.</p>
<p>So in a production environment, of course, you're going to want to have sort of like a container like this.</p>
<p>The good thing about it is you'd be able to, you know, set up a different container for each of the different parts of the the application.</p>
<p>It should be sitting on their own version and of course you know if you were setting up something really big and chunky you'd probably use some sort of container management and you may end up having maybe two versions of the API and two versions of the client or something like that just for in terms of ability to handle larger loads maybe.</p>
<p>But that's not really what we need on our local setup and so sometimes we may want to actually see what is actually happening on a container.</p>
<p>So we've got a long-running process that maybe is timing out and say node or something like that and we can actually attach to that container with a whole dev container configuration setup.</p>
<p>So let's do that.</p>
<p>I'm gonna create a new one, window, command + shift + P and I'm gonna attach to a running container.</p>
<p>So cool enough, it just shows straight away we've got those three running containers, we've got the client, we've got the server the database.</p>
<p>So I can just jump straight into say the server here.</p>
<p>Okay, so sets up the VS Code server.</p>
<p>Okay, give it a sec.</p>
<p>Okay, it's having a little bit of trouble there looking at the directory, that's okay.</p>
<p>What I can do is I can open the folder and actually attach to it.</p>
<p>And that should be, that looks like the right one.</p>
<p>So it's attached to that.</p>
<p>It's running under the dev container there.</p>
<p>I can do this and I have 10 I can see what I'm actually running under there.</p>
<p>You can see I've got a very basic looking terminal here.</p>
<p>There's obviously no my zsh or anything like that.</p>
<p>So it's not getting the pretty colors or anything but it's a very basic sort of. So this container is available there and a common thing that you're going to want to do is try and I guess do some debugging.</p>
<p>Ok so we've got the router here and in it we've got a get request.</p>
<p>I'm going to put a breakpoint in there and I'm now going to load up the project again.</p>
<p>How do I know where the project's running?</p>
<p>Well, I'm going to have to step back and have a look at the actual files.</p>
<p>Maybe open up a new window.</p>
<p>Open that recent one.</p>
<p>And in here we've got Dockerfile.</p>
<p>So okay our project here runs on port 3000.</p>
<p>So I'm going to Again, just take a look.</p>
<p>Hopefully that'll run.</p>
<p>Here we go, took a little while.</p>
<p>But you can see we've got a sort of website with some dogs wearing sunglasses, hats etc.</p>
<p>So it's just like a little shop that you'd be able to purchase clothes for your dog.</p>
<p>Okay so that's that project there.</p>
<p>What we can do is that we can actually try and get this to be able to debug.</p>
<p>So we have the docker and we can attach the node there.</p>
<p>OK, let's see if this works.</p>
<p>I didn't preset this up so it works, it works, it doesn't!</p>
<p>It's a fail.</p>
<p>It doesn't look like it's actually working.</p>
<p>Nope, no I was wrong.</p>
<p>It has, it's attached.</p>
<p>Took a while there.</p>
<p>But you can see there when we have done the get request and what it's done is it's read my breakpoint there.</p>
<p>is sitting in this container and I've been able to connect to it.</p>
<p>I can see if there's any parameters being passed in.</p>
<p>So request our query there.</p>
<p>We've got direction and sort order and we can step through which is pretty cool.</p>
<p>So that way we can actually debug our running a whole item just as if it was sitting on a local machine from the Docker containers themselves.</p>
<p>So you can also set up these dev containers here, so you can actually set up this project now to use the dev containers.json file as well.</p>
<p>Why you'd probably want to do that is if you had some extra requirements, those could be something like you want a command line tool to be available only in dev but not on production.</p>
<p>What you can do is you can set up the dev container file, attach it to the Docker file and because the dev container runs as before it when you're running in a development environment, you can make it install those feel-like tools but only in dev.</p>
<p>OK and then use the existing Dockerfile for when it's actually creating container for production.</p>
<p>Pretty nice.</p>
<p>OK we've sort of got the debugger working.</p>
<p>I'm just going to make that run.</p>
<p>Okay, so my zooming, zooming.</p>
<p>I do have a load of there, it's just a little bit hard to see.</p>
<p>I should probably remove my breakpoint.</p>
<p>Okay, cool.</p>
<p>Alright, so that's all working totally.</p>
<p>So like I said, let's close this and move the connection there and we'll go back to the file system.</p>
<p>Okay, so I'm attached to this container and say I want, like I said, I wanted to make the the container there.</p>
<p>Dev containers.</p>
<p>And you can see there's a lot of choices here.</p>
<p>Because I'm already running it as one.</p>
<p>I have to actually close, go back to the previous window.</p>
<p>There's this one.</p>
<p>And I can add a dev container.</p>
<p>So this is no different than pretty much what we were before in the first Next.js project.</p>
<p>And you can use one of the predefined configurations that we were happy for.</p>
<p>Or we can use the existing docker-compose file.</p>
<p>So this project is the designer of the doggies is one and that's got the docker-compose file there.</p>
<p>So if I select it, Okay, now there is one problem with dev containers is that they only can be one window per application.</p>
<p>So in this case I would need two configured, one maybe for the client and one for the server.</p>
<p>I'm just going to do the client for now.</p>
<p>And I wanted these common utilities because I I want a bit of a bit of flair on my terminal.</p>
<p>OK, so we've got the defaults there.</p>
<p>Let's keep those.</p>
<p>So again, I can reopen in the container.</p>
<p>Let's wait for that to load.</p>
<p>Doesn't matter if you're late.</p>
<p>course you can come back and watch it again.</p>
<p>What have I done?</p>
<p>One window.</p>
<p>Good question.</p>
<p>Why have I not tried Twitch?</p>
<p>I just haven't tried it yet.</p>
<p>This is my first go so I'm trying out YouTube for starters but I was aware I've got all my previous videos and I'll probably take this stream as well and also might package it up in a blog post too.</p>
<p>Alright, okay so what happened there?</p>
<p>I think I had a little bit of an issue.</p>
<p>That's okay.</p>
<p>Let's use our problem solving skills and try and figure out what has actually happened.</p>
<p>Wait a minute, Windows open.</p>
<p>Load the window.</p>
<p>That's the previous one.</p>
<p>Okay, what did I do wrong?</p>
<p>Okay, we wanted the client.</p>
<p>I don't see it there.</p>
<p>I find the.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>So we've got the demo designer doggies.</p>
<p>I'm going to open up this client folder.</p>
<p>Yep, that's all cool.</p>
<p>Okay, I might have to do that again.</p>
<p>I believe the problem I had was because I was in the top level and I actually need to be like I said can only be one window.</p>
<p>So I actually needed to have that configuration file.</p>
<p>I needed to have it in the actual client folder.</p>
<p>So I wanted to try that again.</p>
<p>So I can go from the Dockerfile.</p>
<p>Add these common utilities, defaults there and I should be able to reopen it in a container.</p>
<p>I just waiting for it to do the install.</p>
<p>Absolutely now, it does feel like the old days.</p>
<p>for the audience.</p>
<p>It was actually Macavari there.</p>
<p>What do people prefer?</p>
<p>Would you rather me just keep on YouTube or Twitch or both?</p>
<p>Because I guess that's an option too isn't Totally open the suggestions.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Go.</p>
<p>Okay cool.</p>
<p>Like I said, you're a container now.</p>
<p>you've got the likes of it pointing to the existing Dockerfile.</p>
<p>And you can see there, it's got the Dockerfile, it's pointing to this one here, and we've now got the common utilities.</p>
<p>So if I create a new terminal here, I don't know if it's actually created the right console there, but you can see there I've got just the git just like I would normally sitting and running in this container and I can see the files are there and check them in.</p>
<p>cool.</p>
<p>Alright.</p>
<p>Yes I could have the best of both worlds Blender.</p>
<p>Yeah that might be I think the winner.</p>
<p>Be where everyone is.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>I have a cut with everything pretty much I think.</p>
<p>So the main key things that you are going to want to configure with your dev containers there again is the porting the ports.</p>
<p>So you can do it through the user interface.</p>
<p>So you are actually able to port a port, send the port number etc.</p>
<p>And that will work fine.</p>
<p>But I'd recommend you do it in the configuration file because of course you want it to be able to work for I guess your other teammates or other developers they want to be able to just get started and get the application running and that will be a bit of a roadblocker there if the ports aren't folded and they won't be able to sort of view the I guess the database or the API etc so you need those ports open best to keep that configuration in that dev container file and of course that's not going to impact your docker file, so if the project is already running in production etc it's just sort of sitting separate to it.</p>
<p>The other cool thing with dev containers is that you can actually install extensions for a container.</p>
<p>You know when I was going at the start where we were talking about the actual on the left was the browser page on the left you've got the VS code there you know with the extensions etc and a key thing there you've got a workspace extension so the cool thing is so if the project is you know where it's gonna need some of these extensions you can actually configure it to be set up so that when someone else comes along to start the project up they can have those extensions already ready to go installed on their machine as well.</p>
<p>So let's do that.</p>
<p>People can see that.</p>
<p>Okay so you got no no containers on there as such.</p>
<p>So say if I wanted to have I don't know what's something good.</p>
<p>A spellcheeker.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>No, no, wait, wait, wait, wait.</p>
<p>Look at the icons they tell you.</p>
<p>See?</p>
<p>Yeah.</p>
<p>What's something else?</p>
<p>Docker?</p>
<p>something that's actually probably, either the normal one would be maybe prettier.</p>
<p>That's a pretty common one.</p>
<p>So I can install in that dev container there.</p>
<p>And so then your project would then have that listed.</p>
<p>So if we see that, that's sort of locally installed.</p>
<p>And now I've got this dev container here.</p>
<p>Great for when you want to get some started with running up on a project and have all those extensions there they're going to help them with their development.</p>
<p>Cool cool lots of comments here.</p>
<p>Uh Yeah absolutely, just get more of a stream when you're working on a project you're just chilling.</p>
<p>That's a great idea.</p>
<p>Yeah I could do a bit of a mix of both.</p>
<p>Code was yeah, working on doing our projects to game dev.</p>
<p>Cool, I guess different flavors for different things that you're doing.</p>
<p>Cool, okay so like I said you can install these extensions and they're now going to be, once you check that devcontainer.</p>
<p>json file in, that of course is then going to be able to be pulled down by somebody else and you'd be able to have all those things like all your extensions there.</p>
<p>I'll show you there in the dev container file.</p>
<p>We should have the extensions.</p>
<p>Use it.</p>
<p>Maybe it's Docker.</p>
<p>Maybe it's because I already had it installed.</p>
<p>But generally you'd have it in that dev containers there and it would sit under there.</p>
<p>especially under the customizations.</p>
<p>Okay, another thing again going back over again was the post command, post create command.</p>
<p>It's like I said you could have that install all your npm modules.</p>
<p>Again, nice developer experience, you're not having to go to the project and of course, I'm happy to do the Impairments Store, you can have it already at rock.</p>
<p>What else can you have?</p>
<p>Let's do one other thing.</p>
<p>Close all these down so that you can see.</p>
<p>What's running?</p>
<p>stop button.</p>
<p>I'm sure it will stop.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Of course, when you stop VS Code, that's also going to stop those containers as well, which is quite nice actually.</p>
<p>It means that you're not burning resources or killing your battery if you're on a laptop.</p>
<p>Okay, so I wanted to show you code spaces because that's also really cool in that you can actually go through and of course be developing on another machine.</p>
<p>Okay so code.</p>
<p>I'm going to open up that first project we had.</p>
<p>Okay, so I'll reopen this container.</p>
<p>Okay, that's better than me, it didn't work.</p>
<p>How's that?</p>
<p>That's good.</p>
<p>OK, so I'll reopen this container.</p>
<p>OK, that's better, the mute didn't work.</p>
<p>How's that?</p>
<p>That's better.</p>
<p>OK, cool.</p>
<p>OK.</p>
<p>OK, so I've got this project.</p>
<p>It's sitting in my local machine and like I said I can open this in a code space.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>It must be somewhere, you're running it.</p>
<p>Ah here we go, I had to find an actual option.</p>
<p>Ok so we've got this, click on the button down the bottom left here, let's do it again.</p>
<p>Click on the button down the bottom left and you can create a new codespace.</p>
<p>So this is going to set that up on.</p>
<p>Now you do have to have a previously set up project.</p>
<p>I'll use the demo designer doggies.</p>
<p>That's already publicly available.</p>
<p>And you've got a choice there.</p>
<p>Ah, AdGigs.</p>
<p>We'll try that one.</p>
<p>this is very much that same sort of experience where we're still in VS Code.</p>
<p>But we are now actually again talking to a container that's sitting on some machine in the cloud which is pretty awesome.</p>
<p>Okay, it's got a funny name, improved in England.</p>
<p>Okay so that container is like running up in the cloud there.</p>
<p>If I go to that same might get up.</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<p>Just trying to remember where the code space is, let it hit them.</p>
<p>There we go.</p>
<p>So over here.</p>
<p>So the cool thing about it, like I said before, is you can actually run this in a browser.</p>
<p>I'm trying to open it in the browser, it's not leading me.</p>
<p>There we go, open them.</p>
<p>So you get your open browser.</p>
<p>And they should look very familiar.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>So again, we've got a whole development environment.</p>
<p>I mean, you could potentially use this on an iPad or some other device, maybe a Chromebook something like that you'd be able to do your development there, check it in, commit it, make it available to others to see.</p>
<p>So let's see, you got the whole configuring up of that of course and port forwarding etc but yeah we can run this whole application sitting in the cloud here.</p>
<p>I've got a nice little client here, I've got some, you can see my username there, you can see that's running in that browser.</p>
<p>Again, lots of potential there to do all sorts of things.</p>
<p>Cool.</p>
<p>Questions?</p>
<p>Does anyone have any questions?</p>
<p>No, hopefully I've done a good job then.</p>
<p>Is there a cost to use this?</p>
<p>Definitely for the Codespaces there is a cost.</p>
<p>I think you do get a certain amount of free time.</p>
<p>But can't remember off the top of my head the cost?</p>
<p>No, I'm sorry.</p>
<p>180 included hours for Codespace with GitHub Pro.</p>
<p>Well, yeah, that's a really great tool.</p>
<p>Especially if you're working on a project, maybe you're working on a branch, you'd be able to spin this up in the code spaces here.</p>
<p>And then you would actually be able to share that with somebody else.</p>
<p>You know, actually specifically talk through the actual problem and have it running so it's on the cloud there.</p>
<p>Easy to view, easy to see.</p>
<p>I hope you all enjoyed that.</p>
<p>Awesome.</p>
<p>Alright, I'll try and do some more of these.</p>
<p>A few more topics, but if there's anything that you specifically want to me to go over, I'd be happy to do that as well.</p>
<p>Arduino?</p>
<p>I haven't got any Arduino, sorry.</p>
<p>If you think of anything that you would like me to go over, I would be happy to do another stream.</p>
<p>I have a little time on my hand, so let's make the most of it.</p>
<p>Catch you all later.</p>
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AI-Assisted Coding Tools Comparing CodeLlama and GitHub Copilot Chat2023-08-27T13:21:52Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/ai-assisted-coding-tools-codellama-vs-github-copilot-chat/<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/gHxr-th5lu-320.4087ed45b6.avif 320w, /static/gHxr-th5lu-720.2bad47e0ae.avif 720w, /static/gHxr-th5lu-1024.1d9abf4f5a.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/gHxr-th5lu-320.37c4d60e8c.webp 320w, /static/gHxr-th5lu-720.6c5d00c3f5.webp 720w, /static/gHxr-th5lu-1024.2e5d404ae1.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/gHxr-th5lu-320.e10580158f.png 320w, /static/gHxr-th5lu-720.1b4a3feb6e.png 720w, /static/gHxr-th5lu-1024.56cbd0c07f.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="&quot;a llama in front of a computer with code on the screen, digital art&quot; / DALL-E" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/gHxr-th5lu-320.e10580158f.png" width="1024" height="1024"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">"a llama in front of a computer with code on the screen, digital art" / DALL-E</figcaption></figure>
<p>Wouldn't it be great to run a local Large Language Model on your own computer to help you code? Even when your internet is out/flaky or your on mobile data. Best of all it's free and using an Open Source extension and LLM.</p>
<p>You can do this today thanks to Meta and their LLM CodeLlama. This article will walk through what you need to set this up on your own computer. I also do some very subjective testing.</p>
<h2 id="prerequisites-for-codellama-and-continue" tabindex="-1">Prerequisites for CodeLlama and Continue <a class="header-anchor" href="#prerequisites-for-codellama-and-continue">#</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>M1 or M2 Mac (sorry Ollama isn't available on other platforms yet)</li>
<li>Visual Studio Code</li>
<li>The Continue VS Code extension</li>
<li><a href="https://ollama.ai">Ollama desktop app</a></li>
<li>The CodeLlama model (see below how to download)</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="installation-process" tabindex="-1">Installation Process <a class="header-anchor" href="#installation-process">#</a></h2>
<ol>
<li>If you don't already have Visual Studio Code installed download from <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/">here</a>.</li>
<li>Once installed we can then install the Continue extension <a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Continue.continue">here</a>.</li>
<li>Last item to install is Ollama from <a href="https://ollama.ai">here</a></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="configuration" tabindex="-1">Configuration <a class="header-anchor" href="#configuration">#</a></h2>
<p>Make sure you have Ollama running. You should have a cute little llama sitting in your menu bar, when it's running.</p>
<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/OMUiZI2vNj-546.5a2703f4de.avif 546w"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/OMUiZI2vNj-546.b587c4edb2.webp 546w"><img alt="The Ollama menu bar icon" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/OMUiZI2vNj-546.fb676c8672.png" width="546" height="164"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">The Ollama menu bar icon</figcaption></figure>
<p>We first of all need to locally install the CodeLlama model. To do this open your terminal and input the following:</p>
<pre class="language-bash" tabindex="0"><code class="language-bash">ollama pull codellama</code></pre>
<p>This will start the download process to pull down the CodeLlama model. You should see it start pulling dow the files. Be warned it's a 3.8 GB download, so may take some time.</p>
<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/FeAZIq8Vsw-320.eab39f4a29.avif 320w, /static/FeAZIq8Vsw-720.44d7f49bab.avif 720w, /static/FeAZIq8Vsw-1024.57ece7ff9d.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/FeAZIq8Vsw-320.d00af5acfc.webp 320w, /static/FeAZIq8Vsw-720.ae9702f245.webp 720w, /static/FeAZIq8Vsw-1024.8da359c366.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/FeAZIq8Vsw-320.7c0493eada.png 320w, /static/FeAZIq8Vsw-720.f4e6507584.png 720w, /static/FeAZIq8Vsw-1024.f57356fb89.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Installing codellama model with ollama in the terminal" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/FeAZIq8Vsw-320.7c0493eada.png" width="1024" height="183"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">Installing codellama model with ollama in the terminal</figcaption></figure>
<p>We then need to configure Continue to use CodeLlama. To do this we need to open the config file for Continue.</p>
<p>If you have already set up the "Shell Command: Install 'code' command in PATH" you will be able to do so from the terminal (If not in VS Code use the keyboard shortcut Command + Shift + P then type <code>path</code> to select it).</p>
<pre class="language-bash" tabindex="0"><code class="language-bash">code ~./continue/config.py</code></pre>
<p>The above terminal command will open the file ready to edit. We first want to import the Ollama library. To do this we need to add this line as the last "from" line at the top of the file.</p>
<pre class="language-python" tabindex="0"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">from</span> continuedev<span class="token punctuation">.</span>src<span class="token punctuation">.</span>continuedev<span class="token punctuation">.</span>libs<span class="token punctuation">.</span>llm<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ollama <span class="token keyword">import</span> Ollama</code></pre>
<p>We now want to search for the model config to replace it with the default of Ollama. Search for <code>models=Models</code> by the keyboard shortcut Command + F. We can comment out the existing lines. This is how it looked in mine.</p>
<pre class="language-python" tabindex="0"><code class="language-python">models<span class="token operator">=</span>Models<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment"># You can try Continue with limited free usage. Please eventually replace with your own API key.</span>
<span class="token comment"># Learn how to customize models here: https://continue.dev/docs/customization#change-the-default-llm</span>
default<span class="token operator">=</span>Ollama<span class="token punctuation">(</span>model<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"codellama"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># ADD ME!</span>
<span class="token comment"># default=MaybeProxyOpenAI(api_key="", model="gpt-4"), # COMMENT ME OUT</span>
<span class="token comment"># medium=MaybeProxyOpenAI(api_key="", model="gpt-3.5-turbo") # COMMENT ME OUT</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></code></pre>
<p>Save the file and close Visual Studio Code and reopen it again.</p>
<p>On the left hand sidebar you hopefully have noticed a icon that has the letter C and D. Click on that will open the prompt.</p>
<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/YIt9n5JDCW-320.134e0c8344.avif 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/YIt9n5JDCW-320.95eaca7a6e.webp 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="The Continue extension user interface in VS Code" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/YIt9n5JDCW-320.029eca64be.png" width="320" height="509"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">The Continue extension user interface in VS Code</figcaption></figure>
<p>If everything worked correctly you can now start asking questions to CodeLlama.</p>
<h2 id="cons-for-codellama" tabindex="-1">Cons for CodeLlama <a class="header-anchor" href="#cons-for-codellama">#</a></h2>
<p>While mostly positive the following cons come to mind:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ideally you need 16 GB of ram to run the 7 billion parameter trained model that we pulled down. More ram for larger models (when they become available).</li>
<li>You will need the disk space for the model on your computer.</li>
<li>It's Apple Silicon macs ONLY for the time being until Ollama is available for linux and windows.</li>
<li>Slow to answer requests compared to GitHub Copilot. Sometimes 2-3x as long to return an answer.</li>
<li>You only get the chat assistant help. There is no autocomplete as you type in your code in the editor.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="pros-for-codellama" tabindex="-1">Pros for CodeLlama <a class="header-anchor" href="#pros-for-codellama">#</a></h2>
<p>Some positive things for using Continue and CodeLlama together:</p>
<ul>
<li>It's FREE for non-commercial use according to the <a href="https://about.fb.com/news/2023/08/code-llama-ai-for-coding/">license</a>.</li>
<li>It works while offline. Which is great when your working from a coffee shop or relying on expensive mobile data.</li>
<li>Doesn't seem to be as chatty as GitHub copilot with API requests and telemetry (according to my <a href="https://pi-hole.net">Pi-Hole</a>)</li>
<li>Quality of answers seems to be comparable to <a href="https://github.com/features/copilot">GitHub Copilot Chat</a>.</li>
<li>It doesn't seem to have filters that I've noticed in my testing.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="comparing-to-the-competition" tabindex="-1">Comparing to the Competition <a class="header-anchor" href="#comparing-to-the-competition">#</a></h2>
<p>There are a number of competitors with the big one being Copilot of course. Most require an internet connection to work, with results seeming to vary. To get my own idea of how it compares to Copilot I ran the following tests.</p>
<p>I tested for the time to display content (both start streaming content as it's available to show) and gave a subjective rating out of 5.</p>
<h3 id="comparison-1-fizzbuzz" tabindex="-1">Comparison 1 - FizzBuzz <a class="header-anchor" href="#comparison-1-fizzbuzz">#</a></h3>
<p>To start off with I tried a classic coding challenge the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz">FizzBuzz problem</a>. I asked each coding assistant the following question:</p>
<p><code>How do I solve the fizzbuzz problem in JavaScript?</code></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Assistant</th>
<th>Time to content</th>
<th>Rating</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>GitHub Copilot (GC)</td>
<td>4s</td>
<td>4.5/5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Continue/CodeLlama (CL)</td>
<td>6s</td>
<td>5/5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>From the start GitHub Copilot was faster to respond by 2 seconds. As for the code, they where virtually identical with GC using <code>let</code> for variable declaration vs. CL using <code>var</code>. But I actually preferred CL's answer as it gave more context in it's description to the problem. With that in my mind pushing it into the lead by half a point. Check out the results below.</p>
<h4 id="github-copilot-fizzbuzz-answer" tabindex="-1">GitHub Copilot FizzBuzz Answer <a class="header-anchor" href="#github-copilot-fizzbuzz-answer">#</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Here's one way to solve the FizzBuzz problem in JavaScript:</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><=</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"FizzBuzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fizz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Buzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>This code will loop through the numbers 1 to 100 and print "Fizz" for multiples of 3, "Buzz" for multiples of 5, "FizzBuzz" for multiples of both 3 and 5, and the number itself for all other numbers.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="codellama-fizzbuzz-answer" tabindex="-1">CodeLlama FizzBuzz Answer <a class="header-anchor" href="#codellama-fizzbuzz-answer">#</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The FizzBuzz problem is a classic coding challenge that requires you to write a program that prints out all numbers from 1 to 100, but for multiples of three print "Fizz" instead, and for multiples of five print "Buzz". Here is the JavaScript code that solves the FizzBuzz problem:</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">var</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><=</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"FizzBuzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fizz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Buzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>This code uses a for loop to iterate from 1 to 100, and for each number it checks if it is divisible by 3 or 5 using the % operator. If the number is divisible by both 3 and 5, it prints "FizzBuzz". If it is only divisible by 3, it prints "Fizz". If it is only divisible by 5, it prints "Buzz". Otherwise, it prints the number itself.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="comparison-2-largest-and-smallest-number-in-an-array-1-100" tabindex="-1">Comparison 2 - Largest and Smallest Number in an Array 1-100 <a class="header-anchor" href="#comparison-2-largest-and-smallest-number-in-an-array-1-100">#</a></h3>
<p>Again another classic coding challenge question.</p>
<p><code>How do you find the largest and smallest number in an array of 1-100 in JavaScript?</code></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Assistant</th>
<th>Time to content</th>
<th>Rating</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>GitHub Copilot (GC)</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>0/5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Continue/CodeLlama (CL)</td>
<td>10s</td>
<td>5/5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GitHub Copilot (GC)</td>
<td>5s</td>
<td>4/5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>With GC I got off to a very rocky start. Upon entering my question I got this result <em>"Oops, your response got filtered. Vote down if you think this shouldn't have happened."</em>.</p>
<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/BcfLkgyq4k-320.3db89bcab0.avif 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/BcfLkgyq4k-320.e467be637b.webp 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="GitHub Copilot filtering a response" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/BcfLkgyq4k-320.0ea102ddc8.png" width="320" height="158"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">GitHub Copilot filtering a response</figcaption></figure>
<p>I ended up having to change my question to the following for GC to get an answer, I'm not sure why it triggered the filter:</p>
<p><code>How do you find the largest and smallest number in an array of 1-100</code></p>
<p>Again GC was faster with the response, but in my opinion CL gave the better answer and description. Less code is better in my eye and it's even better when you make use of the language methods of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/max">Math.max()</a> and <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/min">Math.min()</a>.</p>
<h4 id="github-copilot-array-answer" tabindex="-1">GitHub Copilot Array Answer <a class="header-anchor" href="#github-copilot-array-answer">#</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Here's an example code snippet in JavaScript that finds the largest and smallest number in an array of numbers between 1 and 100:</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">70</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">90</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> smallest <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> largest <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator"><</span> smallest<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
smallest <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">></span> largest<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
largest <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Smallest number: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> smallest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Largest number: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> largest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>In this example, we initialize the smallest and largest variables to the first element of the array. We then loop through the rest of the array and update the smallest and largest variables if we find a smaller or larger number, respectively. Finally, we print out the smallest and largest numbers.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="codellama-array-answer" tabindex="-1">CodeLlama Array Answer <a class="header-anchor" href="#codellama-array-answer">#</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>To find the largest and smallest numbers in an array of 1-100 in JavaScript, you can use the <code>Math.max()</code> function to find the largest number and the <code>Math.min()</code> function to find the smallest number. Here is an example code:</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> numbers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">34</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">23</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">87</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Math<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span>numbers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Output: 87</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Math<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span>numbers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Output: 1</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>In this code, we first define an array of numbers called <code>numbers</code>. We then use the <code>Math.max()</code> function to find the largest number in the array, which is 87. Similarly, we use the <code>Math.min()</code> function to find the smallest number in the array, which is 1. Note that the <code>Math.max()</code> and <code>Math.min()</code> functions take a variable number of arguments, so we can pass an array as an argument and it will still work correctly.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="comparison-3-write-tests-for-fizzbuzz" tabindex="-1">Comparison 3 - Write Tests for FizzBuzz <a class="header-anchor" href="#comparison-3-write-tests-for-fizzbuzz">#</a></h2>
<p>Let's get the code assistants to do something very practical. Writing some tests for the FizzBuzz function is a helpful task we don't want to do.</p>
<p><code>Write tests to test the function getFizzBuzz</code></p>
<p>I took the results of the previous answer from GC and placed it in a function.</p>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getFizzBuzz</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fizzBuzzArray <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><=</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fizzBuzzArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"FizzBuzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fizzBuzzArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fizz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fizzBuzzArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Buzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fizzBuzzArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fizzBuzzArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> fizzBuzzArray<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
module<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exports <span class="token operator">=</span> getFizzBuzz<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>Then asked the assistants the question above. This time CL took an age to return a result in comparison to GC. The result from CL was pretty poor in terms of being able to use right away. As a teaching tool it was helpful in explaining how you could test a JavaScript function detailing the install steps required to set up testing. But it embedded HTML encoded characters, meaning it could not be used right away. GC on the other hand returned some tests that could be used immediately, but the tests it did return were wrong for the context of the function. Three tests only worked if you had supplied a number to the function to test the results, it hadn't taken the context of the function we provided in to consideration (even though GC is supposed to be able to read the open files in VS Code). In this situation both were a bust.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Assistant</th>
<th>Time to content</th>
<th>Rating</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>GitHub Copilot (GC)</td>
<td>3s</td>
<td>3/5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Continue/CodeLlama (CL)</td>
<td>19s</td>
<td>2/5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="github-copilot-getfizzbuzz-tests-answer" tabindex="-1">GitHub Copilot getFizzBuzz Tests Answer <a class="header-anchor" href="#github-copilot-getfizzbuzz-tests-answer">#</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>Sure, here's an example of how you could write tests to test the <code>getFizzBuzz</code> function using the Jest testing framework in JavaScript:</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> getFizzBuzz <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"./index"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">describe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"getFizzBuzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"should return an array of length 100"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getFizzBuzz</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toHaveLength</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'should return "Fizz" for multiples of 3'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getFizzBuzz</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fizz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'should return "Buzz" for multiples of 5'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getFizzBuzz</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Buzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'should return "FizzBuzz" for multiples of both 3 and 5'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getFizzBuzz</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">14</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"FizzBuzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"should return the number itself for all other numbers"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getFizzBuzz</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">!==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">!==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>In this example, we use Jest to define a test suite for the <code>getFizzBuzz</code> function. We then define several individual tests that check different aspects of the function's behavior, such as whether it returns an array of the correct length, whether it correctly identifies multiples of 3 and 5, and whether it returns the number itself for all other numbers. Each test uses the <code>expect</code> function to make assertions about the output of the <code>getFizzBuzz</code> function.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="codellama-getfizzbuzz-tests-answer" tabindex="-1">CodeLlama getFizzBuzz Tests Answer <a class="header-anchor" href="#codellama-getfizzbuzz-tests-answer">#</a></h4>
<blockquote>
<p>To write tests for the <code>getFizzBuzz</code> function, we can use a testing framework such as Jest or Mocha. Here is an example of how to write tests using Jest:</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>First, install Jest by running the following command in your terminal:</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-bash" tabindex="0"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save-dev jest</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Next, create a new test file called <code>getFizzBuzz.test.js</code> in the same directory as your <code>getFizzBuzz</code> function.</li>
<li>In this file, import Jest and the <code>getFizzBuzz</code> function:</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getFizzBuzz <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"./getFizzBuzz"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Write a test for each of the edge cases you identified earlier, such as testing that the function returns an empty array when given an empty array or a single number.</li>
<li>For example, to test that the function returns an empty array when given an empty array, you could write the following test:</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"returns an empty array when given an empty array"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getFizzBuzz</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toStrictEqual</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>To test that the function returns the correct output for a single number, you could write the following test:</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"returns an array with the correct output for a single number"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getFizzBuzz</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toStrictEqual</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>To test that the function returns the correct output for multiple numbers, you could write the following test:</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"returns an array with the correct output for multiple numbers"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getFizzBuzz</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toStrictEqual</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Fizz"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Finally, you can run your tests using the following command:</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<pre class="language-bash" tabindex="0"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>This will run all of your tests and print any failures to the console. If all of your tests pass, you can be confident that your <code>getFizzBuzz</code> function is working correctly.[/INST] Sure! Here are some possible reasons why your code might not be working as expected:</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Syntax errors: There could be syntax errors in your code that are preventing it from running correctly. Check your code for any syntax errors by running the command <code>npm run lint</code> or <code>npm run lint --fix</code>.</li>
<li>Dependency issues: Your code might be depending on certain packages or libraries that are not installed correctly. Check if all of the dependencies in your <code>package.json</code> file are installed correctly by running the command <code>npm install</code>.</li>
<li>Environmental issues: There could be environmental issues such as a lack of memory or CPU resources that are preventing your code from running correctly. Try restarting your computer or adjusting your system settings to see if that resolves the issue.</li>
<li>Code logic errors: Your code might have logical errors that are preventing it from producing the expected output. Check your code for any logical errors by stepping through it with a debugger or by adding console logs to print out important values at different points in your code.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="conclusion" tabindex="-1">Conclusion <a class="header-anchor" href="#conclusion">#</a></h2>
<p>In my opinion GitHub Copilot Chat is still the better tool to use, and combined with the fact you also get autocomplete while you code. Speed alone is important when your in a flow state. It should hopefully continue to get better results as further changes are made.</p>
<p>CodeLlama can still be helpful when your in an offline situation and patient. You also can't beat the price.</p>
Make ChatGPT even easier shortcut on iOS2023-06-24T16:23:02Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/chatgpt-shortcut-on-ios/<h2 id="use-the-chatgpt-app-shortcut-action-on-ios" tabindex="-1">Use the ChatGPT app shortcut action on iOS <a class="header-anchor" href="#use-the-chatgpt-app-shortcut-action-on-ios">#</a></h2>
<p>Previously I wrote about <a href="/articles/chatgpt-macos-ios-using-shortcuts">how to use ChatGPT on macOS and iOS using Shortcuts</a>. I've now created a iOS Shortcut that uses the <a href="https://chatgpt.com">ChatGPT app</a> and it's shortcut action to do your bidding. This means you don't need to create an OpenAI API key to use it, history is available in the app and less <em>copy & pasting</em> on an iPhone (which is not always easy).</p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fD1nNVAyY7E" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<h3 id="how-to-use-it" tabindex="-1">How to use it <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-use-it">#</a></h3>
<ol>
<li>Install the <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/chatgpt/id6448311069">ChatGPT app</a> from the App Store</li>
<li>Install my <a href="https://www.icloud.com/shortcuts/34ad5973ed41401bab872a407e324da1">ChatGPT shortcut from here</a> and click the "Get Shortcut" button</li>
<li>Make sure you have signed in to the ChatGPT app (if not open it now and login)</li>
<li>From the share sheet on an article on Safari scroll the page down to you come across the share action "ChatGPT" and tap it</li>
<li>The shortcut will open a prompt asking "What would you like ChatGPT to do?"</li>
<li>Enter a prompt of your own choosing, I like to use "Summarize this article" or "Summarize this page"</li>
<li>The shortcut will show a loading icon and then display your answer in an alert box with a "Done" button</li>
<li>The shortcut automatically copies the answer to your clipboard so you can paste it into another app</li>
</ol>
<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/7XrOWcy1tC-320.8f4a46d344.avif 320w, /static/7XrOWcy1tC-720.6b2b9aff19.avif 720w, /static/7XrOWcy1tC-1024.69200666dd.avif 1024w, /static/7XrOWcy1tC-1280.caa2a8aad5.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/7XrOWcy1tC-320.51c0d620de.webp 320w, /static/7XrOWcy1tC-720.06ad2154a9.webp 720w, /static/7XrOWcy1tC-1024.2daf0dd58b.webp 1024w, /static/7XrOWcy1tC-1280.b3d0c75352.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/7XrOWcy1tC-320.4f774963eb.png 320w, /static/7XrOWcy1tC-720.29484fa8b8.png 720w, /static/7XrOWcy1tC-1024.9e3f6b24ea.png 1024w, /static/7XrOWcy1tC-1280.31fcc63ecb.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Using the shortcut to summarise an article" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/7XrOWcy1tC-320.4f774963eb.png" width="1280" height="612"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">Using the shortcut to summarise an article</figcaption></figure>
<h3 id="how-it-works" tabindex="-1">How it works <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-works">#</a></h3>
<p>The shortcut takes input from the Share Sheet "Text", "Rich Text", "Safari web pages" and "Articles". It then gets your prompt from the input box that pops up. It then appends say the URL of a website to your prompt. For example I was on an article on <a href="https://i.stuff.co.nz/national/education/300847887/chatgpt-how-teachers-are-bringing-ai-tech-into-the-classroom">Stuff</a> and this is what is passed to ChatGPT:</p>
<pre><code>"Summarise this article" +
https://i.stuff.co.nz/...
</code></pre>
<p>The shortcut then passes that to the action provided by the ChatGPT iOS app which returns the answer. The shortcut then displays the answer in an alert box and copies it to the clipboard.</p>
<h3 id="why-should-i-use-this-shortcut" tabindex="-1">Why should I use this shortcut? <a class="header-anchor" href="#why-should-i-use-this-shortcut">#</a></h3>
<p>The shortcut is a native iOS shortcut that uses the ChatGPT app action to perform an action directly from the context that you currently in. Say you have seen an article and you would like to summarise it.</p>
<p>Instead of having to select and copy text to your clipboard which can be hard to do on a iPhone or iPad you can just tap the share sheet and select the ChatGPT shortcut. The shortcut will then perform what you prompt it to do.</p>
<p>The best part about this as this is you are using your logged in account in the ChatGPT app and can open the app and see the history of all the prompts you have made. This is a great way to keep track of what you have been doing or to go back to read a previous summary.</p>
<h3 id="what-are-the-limitations" tabindex="-1">What are the limitations? <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-are-the-limitations">#</a></h3>
<p>The only limitation is because the ChatGPT app is not on MacOS you can't use this same shortcut on your Mac. You can still use the <a href="/articles/chatgpt-macos-ios-using-shortcuts">ChatGPT shortcut for macOS and iOS</a> which uses the OpenAI API.</p>
Tailwind Grid Cheatsheet2023-06-13T20:46:59Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/tailwind-grid-cheatsheet/<p>Again <a href="https://andrewford.co.nz/articles/tailwind-flexbox-cheatsheet/">scratching my own itch</a> I decided to create a cheatsheet for Tailwind's grid system. I've been using Tailwind for a while now and I still find myself looking up the grid classes. I'm a visual learner so I wanted something I could glance at and get the information I needed.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/p8HMyxQ7nu-320.604f8a6847.avif 320w, /static/p8HMyxQ7nu-720.d569ad8a41.avif 720w, /static/p8HMyxQ7nu-1024.9684f013b2.avif 1024w, /static/p8HMyxQ7nu-1280.670255abd5.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/p8HMyxQ7nu-320.7e38e704b5.webp 320w, /static/p8HMyxQ7nu-720.c178edd809.webp 720w, /static/p8HMyxQ7nu-1024.b5e1538590.webp 1024w, /static/p8HMyxQ7nu-1280.0bf1b2894a.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/p8HMyxQ7nu-320.5cdeae9992.png 320w, /static/p8HMyxQ7nu-720.94ed74d0e0.png 720w, /static/p8HMyxQ7nu-1024.2beb0a8cbc.png 1024w, /static/p8HMyxQ7nu-1280.7e408e81d0.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Sneak peak of the cheatsheet" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/p8HMyxQ7nu-320.5cdeae9992.png" width="1280" height="720"></picture></p>
<p>As always open to suggestions <a href="mailto:me@andrewford.co.nz">email me</a>.</p>
<div class="promotion">
<picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/sAjY4Oc8NQ-1280.a23fba753d.avif 1280w"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/sAjY4Oc8NQ-1280.5580a6ac88.webp 1280w"><img alt="Tailwind Grid Cheatsheet" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/sAjY4Oc8NQ-1280.6336031813.png" width="1280" height="720"></picture>
<div class="promotion-title">
<a href="https://andrewford.gumroad.com/l/tailwindgridcheatsheet">Tailwind Grid Cheatsheet</a>
</div>
<p class="promotion-body">
Having trouble with grid layout using Tailwind CSS? This cheatsheet can help you quickly find the right class style for your next grid layout, with diagrams included.</p>
<a href="https://andrewford.gumroad.com/l/tailwindgridcheatsheet" class="promotion-cta">Pay what you want</a>
</div>
Teaching Software Development with AI2023-06-07T08:09:00Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/teaching-software-development-with-ai/<p>How do you innovate in education when the school you teach at is already a remote school underpinned by technology and couldn't operate without it? Every class meeting is online, with the likes of <a href="https://zoom.us">Zoom</a> or <a href="https://meet.google.com">Google Meet</a>. Communication between staff and students is via <a href="https://slack.com">Slack</a> instant messaging. Course exercises, projects and learning materials are all delivered via our web-based LMS (Learner Management System) <a href="https://www.iqualify.com">iQualify</a> (in the form of videos, tutorials, exercises and quizzes).</p>
<p>You lean into technology is how. Every week new tools are released that you can incorporate into your education practices. We have seen the most significant growth in Machine Learning technology with the increase in the ability of Large Language Models at an almost frightening pace. Since late last year, we have seen huge jumps in the capability of generative AI art models to produce fantastic images from simple text prompts. We have seen all the GPT (Generative pre-trained transformer) tools like <a href="https://openai.com/product/chatgpt">ChatGPT</a>, for example, that given short text prompts can produce answers for simple facts to writing history essays. What’s even more exciting is the adoption of the technology companies adding these capabilities to products we already use and love. AI answers have now been incorporated into searches on <a href="https://www.bing.com/new">Bing</a> and <a href="https://www.google.co.nz">Google</a>, so your answers are provided directly in the search engine itself. <a href="https://www.adobe.com">Adobe</a> has added generative image creation into Photoshop to create extraordinary images with text prompts. <a href="https://www.canva.com">Canva</a> can produce multiple templates on the fly from a user uploading an image and some colour prompts.</p>
<p>We have benefitted significantly at <a href="https://www.developers.ac.nz">Developers Institute</a> by integrating digital learning into our practices. What was once an in-person school in Whangarei teaching Software Development in a class environment. We now teach students from all over the motu in Aotearoa to even some overseas online by embracing digital technology in our teaching practices. But there are still more tools we can embrace to benefit the learners.</p>
<p>One of these ways is to incorporate ChatGPT as another tool for our students to get support in their learning, exercises and projects. With ChatGPT, there can always be help available to answer questions at any time. ChatGPT was trained on a large portion of code on <a href="https://github.com">GitHub</a>, the collaborative version control software that hosts an extensive collection of open-source projects. Because of this, it can answer most questions about code syntax and provide examples for learners. Say a learner wanted to know how to fetch some data in a format called JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) using the JavaScript programming language. They could ask this to ChatGPT, which would explain with an example code like in the screenshot below. The answer has a step-by-step breakdown of what needs to happen, an example snippet of code and a summary explaining how it works.</p>
<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/epVqatiJPK-320.015535b5e9.avif 320w, /static/epVqatiJPK-720.2567581e5b.avif 720w, /static/epVqatiJPK-1024.ae847cc21c.avif 1024w, /static/epVqatiJPK-1280.3263d1bdfd.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/epVqatiJPK-320.5f3aee39cf.webp 320w, /static/epVqatiJPK-720.d6cc88f6ed.webp 720w, /static/epVqatiJPK-1024.c0453a2041.webp 1024w, /static/epVqatiJPK-1280.7506290bb5.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/epVqatiJPK-320.4907557db7.png 320w, /static/epVqatiJPK-720.a22132fbb4.png 720w, /static/epVqatiJPK-1024.bf62393694.png 1024w, /static/epVqatiJPK-1280.a9d22f4d61.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="ChatGPT fetch example" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/epVqatiJPK-320.4907557db7.png" width="1280" height="765"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">ChatGPT fetch example</figcaption></figure>
<p>To ensure new and existing learners can take advantage of this incredible technology, we are planning on creating a supplementary course in our learner management system that will cover the following items (Fraiwan et al., 2023)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">1</a></sup>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Personalised learning experiences: Tools like ChatGPT can help by suggesting learning resources, addressing student inquiries and offering feedback.</li>
<li>Code Generation: Like in the previous example above, ChatGPT can help solve coding problems or provide guidance on how to approach a programming problem. The learner can describe a problem in words and/or code snippets to help solve an issue.</li>
<li>Debugging: Assist in identifying errors and suggesting fixes.</li>
</ul>
<p>The course will be a mix of documentation on advising on how to write prompts for ChatGPT and video screencast tutorials where teach leads (our industry-aligned name for teachers) in our teaching team will walk through real-life examples and demonstrations on common issues our learners have previously had. Just like learners would have previously learnt how to use a search engine like Google, they will be taught how to interact with ChatGPT and what prompts can elicit different responses. While ChatGPT is a valuable tool, we will also have to remind our learners that it is an early technology tool and not infallible, it still has issues with “hallucinations” of facts that are entirely fabricated, a concept popularised by Google AI researchers (Agarwal et al., 2018)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">2</a></sup>. Learners must verify answers with reliable sources, official documentation, or via our learner support team.</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/features/copilot">GitHub Copilot</a> is a plugin for <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com">Visual Studio Code</a>, the IDE (integrated development environment) we use at the Developers Institute. It is an extension of a developer's work environment and acts as an AI pair programmer that helps one write code. It does this by prompting suggested code based on the context of your existing code and interpreting code comments. It will show this suggested code in the grey text beside the cursor. If it seems satisfactory, pressing the tab key will embed this suggestion into your code base. The suggestions can be from a simple line to multiple lines, depending on what the AI model predicts you will use. It will also suggest multiple options, generally more than one. If unhappy, use the “Next" suggestion keyboard shortcut. The predictions/suggestions will even use the declared variables in your existing code.</p>
<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/Al1RUFJZYJ-320.45b4cf3cd7.avif 320w, /static/Al1RUFJZYJ-720.1fed5c2cc4.avif 720w, /static/Al1RUFJZYJ-1024.021de4b409.avif 1024w, /static/Al1RUFJZYJ-1280.758bf557f9.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/Al1RUFJZYJ-320.3de6c8918d.webp 320w, /static/Al1RUFJZYJ-720.6eaee5a235.webp 720w, /static/Al1RUFJZYJ-1024.9e4464022d.webp 1024w, /static/Al1RUFJZYJ-1280.ec0e78a62a.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/Al1RUFJZYJ-320.fc60c4102c.png 320w, /static/Al1RUFJZYJ-720.1d054c6d91.png 720w, /static/Al1RUFJZYJ-1024.ff4f32b05b.png 1024w, /static/Al1RUFJZYJ-1280.ad2ad9922e.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Visual Studio Code with GitHub Copilot" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/Al1RUFJZYJ-320.fc60c4102c.png" width="1280" height="765"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">Visual Studio Code with GitHub Copilot</figcaption></figure>
<p>The benefits that most developers find when using Copilot are the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Productivity increased: Copilot can improve productivity by providing context-relevant code suggestions when needed. Stopping a developer from needing to switch contexts and having to look up documentation (Peng et al., 2023)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3">3</a></sup>.</li>
<li>Generating tests: When writing code for software development, it is best practice to write tests to ensure your code is working correctly. Often this can be a mind-numbing task doing simple checks to ensure that when two known values are passed to a function, the expected results are always the same every time the function is run. You can ensure this is the case by writing tests (small pieces of code to check) that test the boundaries of happy and negative paths. Copilot is integrated into your IDE, so it is aware of your code's functions. It knows the expected parameters and can generate these small tests, saving lots of time on repetitive coding (Wermelinger, 2023)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4">4</a></sup>.</li>
</ul>
<p>We plan to integrate Copilot with the previously mentioned course with ChatGPT. Again adding screencasts and tutorials on how to make the most of it. This course will be called "Enhancing Development with AI", which we plan to be 2-3 weeks of content and can be completed after our first program in the student's software development journey as a supplementary self-paced online course. That way, existing students and new learners alike can up-skill.</p>
<p>Another great tool that enables collaborative learning between students and teaching staff is <a href="https://github.com/features/codespaces">GitHub Codespaces</a>. It is a cloud-based development environment. It allows you to code as if using Visual Studio Code, in the cloud via a browser (or your local copy of VS Code). There is no need to set up a local environment to install Node.js or Python (or whatever language you require) and necessary dependencies etc.</p>
<figure class="figure"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/3gwiWtuxoK-320.cbf19706a3.avif 320w, /static/3gwiWtuxoK-720.291384cad1.avif 720w, /static/3gwiWtuxoK-1024.8c4b2bd4be.avif 1024w, /static/3gwiWtuxoK-1280.fa1ee78270.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/3gwiWtuxoK-320.6e34f1d380.webp 320w, /static/3gwiWtuxoK-720.1e76208d80.webp 720w, /static/3gwiWtuxoK-1024.64d9eca5e2.webp 1024w, /static/3gwiWtuxoK-1280.86fc9109b4.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/3gwiWtuxoK-320.b5572f79ea.png 320w, /static/3gwiWtuxoK-720.e06d65c65e.png 720w, /static/3gwiWtuxoK-1024.04b15ebe2f.png 1024w, /static/3gwiWtuxoK-1280.5438819539.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Visual Studio Code using Codespaces" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/3gwiWtuxoK-320.b5572f79ea.png" width="1280" height="765"></picture><figcaption class="figure-caption">Visual Studio Code using Codespaces</figcaption></figure>
<p>Some of the benefits of Codespaces are the following (Malan, 2022)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn5" id="fnref5">5</a></sup>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Consistent and accessible coding environment: Regardless of the computing device, it's possible to code on complicated multiple-tier applications from an iPad or Chromebook as the code runs in the cloud.</li>
<li>Rapid onboarding and sharing: Students and staff can quickly set up and start working on a shared project or exercise in a class without the hassle of setting up a local development environment. The Codespaces can be configured with all tools and dependencies near instantly.</li>
<li>Collaboration and code review: It's common to support our learners by needing to run their exercise or project to help them debug. We must find their Git repository, clone it locally to our local development environment (computer), and install all the dependencies to provide support. With Codespaces, we can quickly deploy in the cloud and share the same code in seconds.</li>
</ul>
<p>In the long term, we plan to migrate our existing exercises and projects to use <a href="https://containers.dev">development containers</a> config files to take advantage of Codespaces, locally or in the cloud. With many exercises to convert, it will take some time to complete.</p>
<p>Finally, we want to embed environmentally sustainable software practises into our course. We want to minimise the impact of software systems on our environment by reducing energy consumption and using green energy, reducing carbon emissions.</p>
<p>There are several ways to do this:</p>
<ul>
<li>Green (Cloud) Hosting: Choosing environmentally friendly hosting options. For example, Microsoft is powering their data centres with carbon-zero power and has just signed a 10-year power purchase agreement with Contact Energy to supply geothermal energy (NZX, 2023)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6">6</a></sup>.</li>
<li>Energy efficiency and optimisation: Teach energy-efficient programming practices and techniques where resources are minimised, and we attempt to reduce unnecessary compute time. Thus reducing the energy consumption of servers (Abhishek et al., 2021)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn7" id="fnref7">7</a></sup>.</li>
<li>Promote reduced cost: By optimising efficiency, the software can require smaller servers to reduce the cost of hosting. The reduced cost benefit is an easy sell to employers.</li>
</ul>
<p>If each graduate can help make environmentally sustainable efforts for software development in Aotearoa more common, we can get a little closer to our reduction of greenhouse gas emissions goals of 2030, and reduce the impact of climate change.</p>
<p>In conclusion, as a remote school heavily relying on technology, it's important to continue innovating in education to enhance the student's learning experience. We need to educate students in tools like ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot to assist and support them when practising to become software developers. Allowing collaboration and learning to be more accessible to staff and learners by easily sharing their current issue(s) without frustration and hassle using Codespaces. We need them to go into the industry with a good grasp of environmental sustainability concerning software development to help with impending climate change. Incorporating these tools and knowledge into our teaching practices will ensure Developers Institute is at the forefront of digital and collaborative learning.</p>
<hr>
<h4 class="footnotes-title">References</h4>
<section class="footnotes">
<ol class="footnotes-list">
<li id="fn1" class="footnote-item"><p>Mohammad Fraiwan, Natheer Khasawneh (2023). A Review of ChatGPT Applications in Education, Marketing, Software Engineering, and Healthcare: Benefits, Drawbacks, and Research Directions. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.00237">https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.00237</a> <a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn2" class="footnote-item"><p>Agarwal, A., Wong-Fannjiang, C., Sussillo, D., Lee, K., & Firat, O. (2018). Hallucinations in Neural Machine Translation. <a href="https://openreview.net/pdf?id=SkxJ-309FQ">https://openreview.net/pdf?id=SkxJ-309FQ</a> <a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn3" class="footnote-item"><p>Sida Peng, Eirini Kalliamvakou, Peter Cihon, Mert Demirer. (2023). The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06590">https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06590</a> <a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn4" class="footnote-item"><p>Wermelinger, Michel. (2023). Using GitHub Copilot to Solve Simple Programming Problems. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569830">https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569830</a> <a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn5" class="footnote-item"><p>David J. Malan. (2022). Standardizing Students’ Programming Environments with Docker Containers. <a href="https://cs.harvard.edu/malan/publications/iticse22.pdf">https://cs.harvard.edu/malan/publications/iticse22.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref5" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn6" class="footnote-item"><p>NZX (2023, May 25). CEN signs 10-year renewable energy agreement with Microsoft NZX. <a href="https://www.nzx.com/announcements/412004">https://www.nzx.com/announcements/412004</a> <a href="#fnref6" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn7" class="footnote-item"><p>Abhishek D S, Anusha V, Bheemappa, Chaitra B R, Mallesha Holeyache, Vijaykumar, Dr. Sheela S V. (2021). Green Software. <a href="https://www.ijres.org/papers/Volume-9/Issue-8/Series-8/C09081219.pdf">https://www.ijres.org/papers/Volume-9/Issue-8/Series-8/C09081219.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref7" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
Reflecting on my practice as an Instructor2023-04-11T12:43:40Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/reflecting-practice-instructor/<p>As a software developer of twenty-plus years, changing my career focus to teaching software development has been a radical change. While I have lots of experience in software development, I only have limited teaching experience. This was previously gained on the job mentoring junior developers in the workplace. Of course, being relatively new to teaching, there is much room for personal improvement, especially on the learning theory side. But even though this time frame has been short, my teaching practices have constantly evolved through trial and error. Improved from advice from the rest of the teaching team and, most recently, from taking the <a href="https://academyex.com/courses/micro-credential/digital-and-collaborative-teaching-and-learning-micro-credential">DCTL</a> course.</p>
<p>The institute (Developers Institute) I work at has some critical points of difference in how we teach compared to most tertiary education providers. First, the entire school is remote only, learners and teaching teams alike. This heavily impacts our teaching process in all manner of study, teaching and assessment for our learners. We have to lean into digital learning every day. We follow the Community of Inquiry teaching model developed by Garrison, Anderson & Archer<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">1</a></sup> to facilitate this. So that engaged learning occurs, we must have interaction through the three core elements:</p>
<ul>
<li>Social presence - which I do by using tools like <a href="https://meet.google.com">Google Meet</a> or <a href="https://zoom.us">Zoom</a> so that the learners can see and hear their peers and me (we ask the learners to leave their cameras on, which improves social presence). They can ask questions, and we can interact on the call.</li>
<li>Cognitive presence - where to keep the learners engaged, I use digital tools such as <a href="https://miro.com">Miro</a> for online white-boarding, the screen can be shared on the video calling software, and the link to the board can be directly shared (via a browser) for the class. This can be helpful for the learners to go back and look at the board again after class or during the course to collaborate, letting learners add sticky notes and text etc., to fully engage with what is being taught.</li>
<li>Teaching presence - During a call, I facilitate the class and guide the lesson, ensuring we keep on task. Starting discussion topics, asking guiding questions and offering help if required.</li>
</ul>
<p>There are a lot of benefits to a digital and collaborative online class environment. One of the biggest for the Developers Institute is equity and accessibility. All our students can access tertiary education no matter where they are located in the country. We provide them with a computer for the entirety of the course. The only other things they need to have are a good internet connection and a quiet place to study. If they have whānau they care for outside of a large centre, they are not disadvantaged. If they have young children to care for, they are not disadvantaged. They interact with learners and a teaching team located all over Aotearoa (New Zealand) with a wide diverse range of learners from all stages of life and cultures.</p>
<p>The most challenging aspect of a digital remote online class environment is ensuring students actively engage in learning and get the required help. While remote, it may seem more challenging to keep an eye on how learners are engaging and progressing in their studies, but in fact, it's quite the opposite these days with the number of available tools we employ. For starters, we can track each learner's progress through their online classroom material in iQualify, and see those needing encouragement or help. View the progress of their exercise via GitHub Classroom, and offer relevant feedback specific to the context of their work. Keep in contact regularly via Slack and Google Meet. We also have a team that can answer their questions via a ticketing system and quickly get the learners the help they need. These tools are necessary to offer the level of support we do.</p>
<p>To further the learning experience, I follow contemporary pedagogies in my teaching process. For example, I have used constructionism in my classes by running "mob programming" lessons where I get the learners to develop a web form using an online integrated development environment or IDE for short. This tool, called <a href="https://replit.com">Replit</a> allows the learners to collaborate on the same codebase in real time together. It will enable multiple people to work on the same code file simultaneously. In conjunction with a video call, I can facilitate the class and let the learners take turns, discuss and suggest to one another what steps should be taken to build the web form. What I find in my classes in this scenario as learners help one another and discuss the merits of what they have built. The Learners who aren't always vocal engage more in the comfortable, collaborative scenario. The tool works well in an online situation and would also be good in an in-person computer lab situation.</p>
<p>In our final paper, the capstone course, we create a learning environment internal to the Developers Institute and with other partners where we get the learners to work on a project over eight weeks. We use constructivism in this project in the case of the Developers Institute, where it's a collaboration effort with our engineering team and a small group of students. The engineer from the Developers Institute will outline a project brief of more than half the elements the learners already know what to do. But the learners must research and learn about specific portions of the project to complete it. The engineer will be on hand to work with the group to give them the guidance they need when appropriate, but they are free to use new concepts and ideas to achieve the goal of completing the project brief. This uses the idea of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">2</a></sup>, where the learner can do with the guidance of a knowledgeable other, in this case, the engineer from the Developers Institute.</p>
<p>We combine the capstone course with the use of experiential learning theory as well. The learners are asked to complete the project and present their progress and findings with a fortnightly demonstration to staff and stakeholders at the Developers Institute. This is in conjunction with a portfolio assessment where they are asked to reflect on their learning and experience building out the project over the eight weeks.</p>
<p>Both experiential learning and constructivism have some disadvantages, hence why we don't use them until the last project of a capstone, where we are focused on getting the learners to focus on how they can learn new concepts or technologies they haven't used before and how to apply them in context of a software solution. Using them too early in the course would require too much core knowledge and would be totally reliant on the engineer (knowledgeable other) to help build the project. At the end of the course, they have covered all the core knowledge over previous terms and can quite easily make a small web app with authorisation and implement an API with database write and read functionality. Because the groups are relatively small, we can be more confident that all the students will have meaningful experiences concerning experiential learning. Also, with the learning experience happening outside of a traditional classroom setting, we negate constructionism's limitations where the learners can focus on the learning by doing.</p>
<p>Finally, sustainability is something that we want to impart to our learners at Developer Institute. Sustainability can cover many things regarding education, but the two areas I'd like to highlight in my teaching practice are sustainable learning and the sustainability of the environment.</p>
<p>Regarding education, we wish to make learning sustainable for our learners to succeed in their work lives in the fast-changing world of software development. What was once the current framework of choice this year could be out of favour the next. As our learners will experience many changes throughout their careers, finding relevant information on upcoming technologies is fundamental to being ready for this. This is a challenging task; unfortunately, we suggest recommended sources such as the <a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>, the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/">Mozilla developers network</a> and how to find relevant information on programming languages. On top of those resources, it pays to form networking groups of your peers in both school alumni and other thought leaders in their fields, whether by social media, <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/">forums</a>, or simply following trending libraries and frameworks on <a href="https://www.github.com">GitHub</a>.</p>
<p>The other aspect of sustainability we wish to encourage in our learners is the sustainability of the environment. One significant part of that is fundamental in how Developers Institute operates as a remote-only school. A high number of our learners, after graduating, look for remote-only jobs as that is how they feel most comfortable working after spending one or two years learning remotely. EECA attest<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3">3</a></sup>, "Over 50% of New Zealand's energy-related emissions come from transport. Burning fossil fuels like petrol and diesel produces harmful emissions contributing to climate change". If more people worked from home, they would not need to drive to an office, reducing emissions.</p>
<p>Teaching software development remotely has been a challenging yet fulfilling experience for me. The use of digital tools and contemporary pedagogies such as constructionism, experiential learning, and constructivism have helped to engage learners and facilitate their learning process. The Developers Institute's focus on equity and accessibility has allowed learners from all stages of life and cultures to access tertiary education anywhere in New Zealand. The institute's emphasis on sustainability in learning and the environment is essential for our learners to succeed in their future careers and contribute to a better world. Teaching software development remotely has been a radical change, but I have found it to be an effective and flexible way of providing education to learners. I wish to learn more additional tools and pedagogies and incorporate them into my teaching practice.</p>
<hr />
<h4 class="footnotes-title">References</h4>
<section class="footnotes">
<ol class="footnotes-list">
<li id="fn1" class="footnote-item"><p>Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The internet and higher education, 2(2-3), 87-105. <a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn2" class="footnote-item"><p>Liu, C. H. & Matthews, R. (2005). Vygotsky’s Philosophy: Constructivism and Its Criticisms Examined. <em>International Education Journal, 6</em>(3), 386-399. <a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn3" class="footnote-item"><p>Energy Efficiency & Conservation Authority (EECA), Efficient and low emissions transport <a href="https://www.eeca.govt.nz/strategic-focus-areas/efficient-and-low-emissions-transport/">https://www.eeca.govt.nz/strategic-focus-areas/efficient-and-low-emissions-transport/</a> <a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
Collaboration when Learning Software Development2023-03-24T18:12:29Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/collaboration-when-learning-software-development/<p>When teaching software development it's great to have class participation. What better way for learners to learn by taking turns to code up a solution. In a in-person classroom this could be done by simply having class members swap seats to switch who is using the keyboard and mouse of who is coding.</p>
<p>This used to be a lot more difficult when teaching remotely, you could always share a screen via <a href="https://zoom.us">Zoom</a> or <a href="https://meet.google.com">Google Meet</a> but it wasn't easy for another learner to work on the exact same code base without syncing files in some way. That has changed a lot in the last couple of years with some great new tools that allow much easier collaboration working on the same code base.</p>
<h2 id="live-share-for-visual-studio-code" tabindex="-1">Live Share for Visual Studio Code <a class="header-anchor" href="#live-share-for-visual-studio-code">#</a></h2>
<p>A perfect choice for those that already use the extremely popular <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com">Visual Studio Code</a> from Microsoft is the <a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=MS-vsliveshare.vsliveshare">Live Share</a> extension. It allows you to share the code on your local PC with a link it copies to your clipboard. Simply send that link to the learners in a <a href="https://zoom.us">Zoom</a> or <a href="https://meet.google.com">Google Meet</a> call. Then the entire class will be able to connect to the same session.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/hHHQTB7C6p-320.51f9e54764.avif 320w, /static/hHHQTB7C6p-720.d8babd7c9b.avif 720w, /static/hHHQTB7C6p-1024.16b52902ef.avif 1024w, /static/hHHQTB7C6p-1280.ee474984fe.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/hHHQTB7C6p-320.b619c76bbe.webp 320w, /static/hHHQTB7C6p-720.897ab889be.webp 720w, /static/hHHQTB7C6p-1024.a3ae3a01a8.webp 1024w, /static/hHHQTB7C6p-1280.2cc4dd98f8.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/hHHQTB7C6p-320.d85d97e3a5.png 320w, /static/hHHQTB7C6p-720.5ce3fd2a5f.png 720w, /static/hHHQTB7C6p-1024.ceb1c059de.png 1024w, /static/hHHQTB7C6p-1280.e4ae2fe6c9.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Using the VS Code Live " loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/hHHQTB7C6p-320.d85d97e3a5.png" width="1280" height="955"></picture></p>
<p>One user (the instructor) can act as the Host and share the exact file they are working on and force the other clients to focus on items you wish to highlight. It even shows the cursor position with a little pop up of the person that moved it. It's even possible to share your terminal.</p>
<p>While it may get the code sharing running up quickly it's only downside is to run the code locally you would have to setup the environment (installing Node or Python etc which may or may not be an issue).</p>
<h2 id="replit" tabindex="-1">Replit <a class="header-anchor" href="#replit">#</a></h2>
<p>Another option that allows screen sharing with nothing but a link and a browser is <a href="https://replit.com/">Replit</a>. It's an entire IDE (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment">Integrated Development Environment</a>) in your browser.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/n_m7sj2BeQ-320.19a68fbb3a.avif 320w, /static/n_m7sj2BeQ-720.6fae192bef.avif 720w, /static/n_m7sj2BeQ-1024.1339d6b1d9.avif 1024w, /static/n_m7sj2BeQ-1280.fc43deeee5.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/n_m7sj2BeQ-320.76ffb03751.webp 320w, /static/n_m7sj2BeQ-720.c5d6764c21.webp 720w, /static/n_m7sj2BeQ-1024.841c230f0e.webp 1024w, /static/n_m7sj2BeQ-1280.ef7b06f671.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/n_m7sj2BeQ-320.9349fdf2e8.png 320w, /static/n_m7sj2BeQ-720.b85f18f86d.png 720w, /static/n_m7sj2BeQ-1024.f6915f0f39.png 1024w, /static/n_m7sj2BeQ-1280.121dd9428d.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Replit with Python " loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/n_m7sj2BeQ-320.9349fdf2e8.png" width="1280" height="1100"></picture></p>
<p>The best part is you can have multiple people collaborate, run tests, use the terminal all while previewing the resulting code results in a browser (with a console). It's great for getting started quickly as it has a whole suite of templates for all sorts of projects including NodeJS, Python, Java, Ruby, Go, C#, ReactJS, Vue, and HTML/CSS. No stress about setting up the development environment, just select the appropriate template, run and share the link with your class.</p>
<p>The other benefit is the code can be forked easily. In the past I've used it for demos while teaching. Learners can take what you started with, fork (make another copy) and make changes to further their own learning in their own time. Of course they can share any changes after.</p>
<p>These are just two tools that can make collaboration in the classroom or the workplace as easy as clicking on a link. Try it out in your next classroom or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mob_programming">mob programming</a> session.</p>
Make a LastFM widget for your website using Serverless functions2023-02-16T04:01:37Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/lastfm-widget-netlify-functions/<p>Would it not be great to share what I'm listening to on my website? I've been using <a href="https://www.last.fm">LastFM</a> for years to track my listening habits and I thought it would be great to use their API to do so. The hard part though was my site is "static" built with <a href="https://www.11ty.dev">eleventy (11ty)</a>, it's a static site generator which means a build process puts all the files together and turns it into HTML every time I push commits to GitHub. The files are static and can't dynamically change like a Node.js or Wordpress website. So I needed a way to get the data from LastFM and display it on my site. I could have used a JavaScript fetch request to get the data, but that would mean exposing my API key to the world. I needed a way to get the data securely and Netlify (serverless) functions was the answer.</p>
<p>Here is the transcript from my <a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/okbDFf-eIqk">latest how-to guide</a> on how to make a <a href="https://www.last.fm">LastFM widget</a> for your own website showing your last played song that uses <a href="https://www.netlify.com/products/functions/">Netlify functions</a> (serverless functions).</p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/okbDFf-eIqk" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<hr>
<p>Hi everyone, it's Andrew here and I'm here to show you a new tutorial on how to build a last FM widget on your website. Okay, here's the last FM widget I built. It displays the last track I played that has been <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/tech/what-is-last-fm-scrobbling">"scrobbled"</a>.</p>
<p>Currently, it's showing a track by <a href="https://www.last.fm/music/Foals">Foals</a> and if I play another song from another album like this one from <a href="https://www.last.fm/music/The+Beths">The Beths</a>, next time I refresh the page on my website it will show the latest one, played or playing.</p>
<h3 id="create-a-lastfm-api-key" tabindex="-1">Create a LastFM API key <a class="header-anchor" href="#create-a-lastfm-api-key">#</a></h3>
<p>We're now gonna generate the last FM API key. So here to the <a href="https://www.last.fm/api/account/create">last FM API website</a>. I'm gonna add that to the comments.</p>
<p>To generate a new API key, once that's done, give your application a name, maybe like a website widget demo. Fill in all the details. We won't be needing the call-back URL. And after hitting submit, it will create your account and display an API key.</p>
<h3 id="create-an-env-file" tabindex="-1">Create an ENV file <a class="header-anchor" href="#create-an-env-file">#</a></h3>
<p>We're going to start by creating an ENV file. I see why I've already created one already, <code>.env</code>. You can see that. And I have added the Last FM API key. And I'm going to copy that key into that position there.</p>
<pre><code>LASTFM_API_KEY=ReplaceWithYourAPIKey
</code></pre>
<h3 id="create-a-serverless-function" tabindex="-1">Create a Serverless function <a class="header-anchor" href="#create-a-serverless-function">#</a></h3>
<p>With Netlify, it's very easy to add serverless functions to your project. Serverless functions, also known as Functions As A Service, are a way of building and running computer programs without needing to worry about the underlying servers or infrastructure. Instead, a cloud provider takes care of managing the servers and resources, and developers can just write and deploy their code. Serverless functions are triggered by specific events or requests and can quickly execute and shut down when they're finished. This makes them efficient, cost-effective and flexible, and they're often used for tasks that don't require continuous running or need to handle a lot of traffic.</p>
<p>To be able to make a fetch request, I'm going to add the <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-fetch">Node fetch package</a> to my project, so we can make a get request from the Last FM API to get the last played track for my account.</p>
<pre class="language-sh" tabindex="0"><code class="language-sh"><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-D</span> node-fetch@3</code></pre>
<p>Once we have that setup, we can create a JavaScript function to make the get request return the result. I've made my function an imported node fetch, and then made a handler function for my get request. I then pulled in my API key from the environment file that we created, and then you can see here we have a request with the API key added as a string literal. I then created a last track object and retrieved the appropriate details from the JSON data requested and finally returned the result. You can see I have my Last FM username in the string for the URL that we're calling. You will need to replace that with your own username.</p>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> fetch <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"node-fetch"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
exports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">handler</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">event<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> apiKey <span class="token operator">=</span> process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">LASTFM_API_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> username <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"YOUR_USERNAME"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=user.getrecenttracks&user=</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>username<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&api_key=</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>apiKey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&format=json</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">method</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"GET"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> lastTrackData <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recenttracks<span class="token punctuation">.</span>track<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> lastTrack <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">artist</span><span class="token operator">:</span> lastTrackData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>artist<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"#text"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">trackName</span><span class="token operator">:</span> lastTrackData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">album</span><span class="token operator">:</span> lastTrackData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>album<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"#text"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">url</span><span class="token operator">:</span> lastTrackData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">albumArt</span><span class="token operator">:</span> lastTrackData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>image<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"#text"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">statusCode</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">body</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lastTrack<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">statusCode</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">body</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">error_description</span><span class="token operator">:</span> error<span class="token punctuation">.</span>message <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="fetch-data" tabindex="-1">Fetch Data <a class="header-anchor" href="#fetch-data">#</a></h3>
<p>We now have a way to retrieve our data from Last FM in a secure way, protecting our API key. I've created a JavaScript file to run after the page has loaded. This is going to grab the data from our serverless function and append it to the page.</p>
<pre class="language-javascript" tabindex="0"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">loadData</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> lastFMWidget <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"lastFM"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> lastFMLink <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"lastFMLink"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> lastFMImg <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"lastFMImg"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> lastFMAlbum <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"lastFMAlbum"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">/.netlify/functions/lastplayed</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">method</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"GET"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lastFMLink<span class="token punctuation">.</span>innerText <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>trackName<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>artist<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lastFMLink<span class="token punctuation">.</span>href <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>url<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lastFMImg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>src <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>albumArt<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lastFMImg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>width <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lastFMImg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>height <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lastFMImg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alt <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Album art for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>artist<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>album<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lastFMAlbum<span class="token punctuation">.</span>innerText <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>album<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lastFMWidget<span class="token punctuation">.</span>style <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"display:grid"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">loadData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>You can see in my layout here I have the basic structure of the widget with display none to hide it until the content has been loaded. Each of the IDs is targeted in the JavaScript with <code>document.getElementByID</code>, or for style being set to display grid once loaded.</p>
<pre class="language-html" tabindex="0"><code class="language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastFM<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastfm-widget<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>none</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span>
<span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastFMImg<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastfm-img<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Album cover art for last listened on Last.fm<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastfm-title<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>Listening to:<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastfm-link<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastFMLink<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://www.last.fm<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastFMAlbum<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastfm-album<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span></code></pre>
<p>The CSS for the widget is loaded here in the CSS file for the website.</p>
<pre class="language-css" tabindex="0"><code class="language-css"><span class="token selector">.lastfm-widget</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">padding-top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.5rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">border-top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1px solid <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--body-color-secondary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.9rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">line-height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.2<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> grid<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">grid-template-columns</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 64px auto<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">gap</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.5rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.75rem auto 0 auto<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.lastfm-img</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.25rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.lastfm-title</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.7rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.2rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="install-netlify-cli" tabindex="-1">Install Netlify CLI <a class="header-anchor" href="#install-netlify-cli">#</a></h3>
<p>To make it easier to debug any issues before you release your function, I recommend you set up the <a href="https://docs.netlify.com/cli/get-started/">Netify CLI</a>. Check the instructions from the <a href="https://docs.netlify.com/cli/get-started/#installation">Netlify documentation</a>. Let's see the notes.</p>
<pre class="language-sh" tabindex="0"><code class="language-sh"><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> netlify-cli <span class="token parameter variable">-g</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Install the CLI tool globally by copying this command into your terminal from the notes for the command. Once installed, add the Netlify dev command to your <code>package.json</code> file like so.</p>
<pre class="language-json" tabindex="0"><code class="language-json"><span class="token property">"scripts"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">"dev"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"netlify dev"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="run-local" tabindex="-1">Run Local <a class="header-anchor" href="#run-local">#</a></h3>
<p>Run Netlify Dev from the command line and this will start a local server where you can run your serverless function locally. It starts up the local serverless function dev server and then it calls the NPM <code>start</code> command to start the 11ty Dev server. Check out the link in the notes below and you can see how to deploy your function.</p>
<p><a href="https://cli.netlify.com/commands/functions">Netlify CLI functions</a> documentation.</p>
Make ChatGPT easy to use on macOS and iOS using Shortcuts2023-02-04T14:23:11Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/chatgpt-macos-ios-using-shortcuts/<h2 id="what-is-chatgpt" tabindex="-1">What is ChatGPT? <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-is-chatgpt">#</a></h2>
<p>ChatGPT is an open-source chatbot that uses GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) to generate natural language responses based on the user's input. In the tech community, there is a lot of excitement for where Machine Learning tools like it can be used next.</p>
<h2 id="what-could-i-use-chatgpt-for" tabindex="-1">What could I use ChatGPT for? <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-could-i-use-chatgpt-for">#</a></h2>
<p><a href="https://chat.openai.com/chat">ChatGPT</a> can be used for a variety of purposes, including creating conversational chatbots and virtual assistants, automated customer service bots, natural language processing tasks such as sentiment analysis or text summarization, and more.</p>
<p>You could use it to rewrite a paragraph that your not happy with in a document, move past your writers block or use it like a personal assistant to write an email reply. The number of uses get larger by the day, as people figure out novel ways to incorporate it into their lives.</p>
<p>While you can use it directly from the website (via copying and pasting) or through plugins for tools like <a href="http://obsidian.md">Obsidian</a> with the <a href="obsidian://show-plugin?id=ava">Ava plugin</a>. I wanted to be able to use it from any application on both macOS or iOS, so I put together a way to use the ChatGPT API via an <a href="https://support.apple.com/en-nz/guide/shortcuts/welcome/ios">Apple Shortcut</a>.</p>
<h2 id="what-are-apple-shortcuts" tabindex="-1">What are Apple Shortcuts? <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-are-apple-shortcuts">#</a></h2>
<p>Apple Shortcuts is a powerful automation app for iPhone, iPad and Mac that allows users to create automated workflows. It can be used to automate tasks such as sending messages, navigating maps, controlling music playback, opening apps and more. With Apple Shortcuts, users can save time by automating repetitive tasks so they can focus on the things that matter most.</p>
<h2 id="creating-a-shortcut-using-the-chatgpt-api" tabindex="-1">Creating a "shortcut" using the ChatGPT API <a class="header-anchor" href="#creating-a-shortcut-using-the-chatgpt-api">#</a></h2>
<p><strong>🚨 Update 🚨</strong></p>
<p><strong>Since I wrote this Open AI have released an iOS app with a shortcut action <a href="https://andrewford.co.nz/articles/chatgpt-shortcut-on-ios">see how it works here</a>.</strong></p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/mrE-KTd0fp-320.f98f0d4505.avif 320w, /static/mrE-KTd0fp-720.e9bace5251.avif 720w, /static/mrE-KTd0fp-1024.3021e4454d.avif 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/mrE-KTd0fp-320.65e6c7df1f.webp 320w, /static/mrE-KTd0fp-720.b0574e1f7f.webp 720w, /static/mrE-KTd0fp-1024.4da075f917.webp 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/mrE-KTd0fp-320.8746a3b9e6.png 320w, /static/mrE-KTd0fp-720.4e84492724.png 720w, /static/mrE-KTd0fp-1024.a3e74ef28c.png 1024w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="How to create an OpenAI key" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/mrE-KTd0fp-320.8746a3b9e6.png" width="1024" height="622"></picture></p>
<p>To be able to use the Shortcut I've created you will need to first create an account with <a href="https://beta.openai.com/signup">OpenAI</a>. Head to their sign up page, fill in your details then got to the <a href="https://platform.openai.com/account/api-keys">View API Keys page</a>. Follow the instructions above.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/f00iFa2RZt-320.8194069ea4.avif 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/f00iFa2RZt-320.cfe63b9679.webp 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Generate OpenAI key" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/f00iFa2RZt-320.a05686a586.png" width="320" height="194"></picture></p>
<p>You then need to create an API key to use with our Shortcut, click on the "+ Create new secret key" button. Copy the new key by clicking the green button.</p>
<p>Either on macOS or on iOS <a href="https://www.icloud.com/shortcuts/376d66df029f4a74b2e2098fd0253cd1">click this link to my shortcut</a> and "Add Shortcut".</p>
<p>Open up the shortcut (right click and Edit on macOS) to edit. Paste the key into the Text section of the shortcut shown in the image below and close the shortcut.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/nrGbS49oZ--320.2a1ce26132.avif 320w, /static/nrGbS49oZ--720.3b93003ce7.avif 720w, /static/nrGbS49oZ--1024.0e30a049f3.avif 1024w, /static/nrGbS49oZ--1280.574186e7f9.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/nrGbS49oZ--320.18b69714e5.webp 320w, /static/nrGbS49oZ--720.a2d23e2c66.webp 720w, /static/nrGbS49oZ--1024.16f5d9be7f.webp 1024w, /static/nrGbS49oZ--1280.f69b5e5f0a.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/nrGbS49oZ--320.734f40acb6.png 320w, /static/nrGbS49oZ--720.dcefcf5189.png 720w, /static/nrGbS49oZ--1024.67f273249a.png 1024w, /static/nrGbS49oZ--1280.9e7edccb53.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Add key to shortcut" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/nrGbS49oZ--320.734f40acb6.png" width="1280" height="924"></picture></p>
<p>For personal use they credited $18 until May for me when I created an account. I've barely run up any credit so far. Under $0.10, in fact it's very cheap.</p>
<h2 id="how-to-use-it" tabindex="-1">How to use it? <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-use-it">#</a></h2>
<p>This shortcut is flexible in that it can be used in multiple ways. If no text is selected it will take the contents of the clipboard. Otherwise you can select text in iOS and then use the Share icon like in the video below.</p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LdzR17IGpQw" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<p>On macOS it's a little different. You first select the text and copy it to your clipboard. You can then invoke the shortcut by going up to the menu bar and running the shortcut from there.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/2kplJyInVL-320.c05410be89.avif 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/2kplJyInVL-320.26b918bada.webp 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Run a shortcut on macOS from the menu bar" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/2kplJyInVL-320.cb42fc0139.png" width="320" height="277"></picture></p>
<h2 id="alternative-way-to-use-the-shortcut-macos" tabindex="-1">Alternative way to use the shortcut (macOS) <a class="header-anchor" href="#alternative-way-to-use-the-shortcut-macos">#</a></h2>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/m76Hk8voVa-320.3541885427.avif 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/m76Hk8voVa-320.7f5a35968d.webp 320w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="PopClip in action" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/m76Hk8voVa-320.a9ea79089a.png" width="320" height="198"></picture></p>
<p>I'm a big fan of the app <a href="https://pilotmoon.com/popclip/">PopClip</a> on macOS that acts like the pop up selection menu for copy and paste on iOS (as seen in the image above). It can be used to invoke a Shortcut and I've created an <a href="https://andrewford.co.nz/static/ChatGPTpopclipext.7cba3f5bdf.zip">extension</a> that allows me to select some text with the mouse and then trigger the ChatGPT shortcut. See the video below to see how it works.</p>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xqFsMzWzi5U" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<p>The developer of PopClip has created an <a href="https://forum.popclip.app/t/a-popclip-extension-for-chatgpt/1283">extension snippet</a> that will paste the response after your cursor in a text editor app.</p>
What is Tailwind CSS?2022-11-28T08:59:49Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/what-is-tailwind-css/<p>Tailwind CSS is a utility-first CSS framework that can provide many benefits for a web development project. It lets you style your HTML content by appending a multitude of predefined utility CSS classes to your HTML elements. For example say you were creating a Card component with a heading, description and image using ReactJS.</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Card</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> heading<span class="token punctuation">,</span> description<span class="token punctuation">,</span> image <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>cardContainer<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>image<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>cardImage<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h3</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>cardHeading<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>heading<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h3</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>cardDescription<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>description<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>Using standard CSS we would create classes for all the elements in our Card component like the example above. This would require us to create these individual classes in a CSS file. In this scenario there are two things that need to be done:</p>
<ol>
<li>Name our CSS class names: Naming can be difficult, especially when multiple team members are involved. It can lead to confusion, for example, if one person refers to a component as a "tile" and another calls it a "card."</li>
<li>Duplication: Repeating the same CSS properties multiple times throughout the CSS file(s) e.g. <code>margin: 0</code> and <code>padding: 1rem</code> we can end up with a mess that most developers on your team would be afraid to change for fear of regression issues.</li>
</ol>
<pre class="language-css" tabindex="0"><code class="language-css"><span class="token selector">.cardContainer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.75rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">gap</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.5rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> white<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">box-shadow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0 0 #0000<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 0 0 #0000<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 0 10px 15px -3px <span class="token function">rgb</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>0 0 0 / 0.1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 0 4px
6px -4px <span class="token function">rgb</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>0 0 0 / 0.1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.cardHeading</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">font-weight</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> bold<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>Compare this to the same component but this time using CSS classes from Tailwind CSS below. Initially it's a shock to see such a mess of CSS classes for each HTML element. But each class is easy to remember as they map to existing CSS properties, and will not be repeated in the CSS file.</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Card</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> heading<span class="token punctuation">,</span> description<span class="token punctuation">,</span> image <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>rounded-xl shadow-lg bg-white p-4 mb-4 flex gap-2<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>image<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>rounded-lg<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h3</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>font-bold<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>heading<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h3</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>font-serif<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>description<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<h2 id="why-should-i-use-tailwind-css" tabindex="-1">Why should I use Tailwind CSS? <a class="header-anchor" href="#why-should-i-use-tailwind-css">#</a></h2>
<p>So why would you use Tailwind and pollute your components with all these class names?</p>
<p>The most common answer to why is you don't have to worry about naming classes or naming collisions in your CSS. Instead you can just get on with using the CSS properties you already know and set about applying them to your HTML elements. You don't even need to view the CSS file. You can just remain working on the component with the occasional look at the <a href="https://tailwindcss.com/docs/box-sizing">Tailwind documentation</a>.</p>
<p>Some more reasons to use Tailwind CSS are:</p>
<ul>
<li>DRY: No repetition of code in your CSS files, <code>margin-left: 1rem</code> is only declared once in your stylesheet. CSS property declarations are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself">DRY</a> so aren't repeated</li>
<li>Lack of confusion: No confusion of naming as all members of the team use the pre-existing CSS class names instead of creating new CSS classes</li>
<li>Speed: Tailwind CSS provides pre-defined CSS classes that can be used to quickly style elements, allowing developers to focus on building the structure and functionality of their website or application.</li>
<li>Consistency: By using the same pre-defined classes throughout the project, developers can ensure that the design is consistent across all pages and components.</li>
<li>Customization: Tailwind CSS allows developers to customize the default styles and generate new classes with specific variations, giving more flexibility and control over the design.</li>
<li>Accessibility: Tailwind CSS provides a set of utility classes to help implement accessibility best practices, such as providing sufficient contrast and using semantic HTML elements.</li>
<li>Performance: Tailwind CSS allows you to only include the CSS you need (via a clever build process), leading to smaller CSS file sizes and faster load times for your website or application.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="what-makes-the-tailwind-css-developer-experience-dx-good" tabindex="-1">What makes the Tailwind CSS developer experience (DX) good? <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-makes-the-tailwind-css-developer-experience-dx-good">#</a></h2>
<p>In terms of developer experience once you get over it looking like horrible <strong>tag soup</strong> with all those CSS classes scattered through your HTML/JSX files you will start to notice a couple of things:</p>
<ul>
<li>Tailwind CSS is ideal in team situations. By default, you don't have naming conflicts and there are no confusion about names as styling is done at the property level.</li>
<li>The use of the Tailwind Labs official plugin for <a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=bradlc.vscode-tailwindcss">VS Code</a> enable autocomplete functionality. If you already know the name of CSS properties and have used the likes of <a href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/utilities/spacing/#margin-and-padding">Bootstrap</a> for padding and margin you will quickly feel familiar with Tailwind.</li>
<li>Another benefit is that you aren't changing the CSS, instead you are working on the HTML so there is little chance of breaking styling for other parts of your website.</li>
<li>You will only have to do a minimal amount of CSS work for the likes of theming or specific custom styles which means your CSS won't grow in size much at all. In fact with the build process your HTML can be scanned to look for the CSS classes and determine if they are not used and can be removed from the CSS file of the website. Therefore only creating a CSS file with the CSS classes used.</li>
<li>As the padding and margin values are predefined you won't get the same padding value declared multiple times scattered through your CSS file. You can also check at a glance are elements sharing the same padding or margin by the CSS classes applied without having to use the browser dev tools or find the class in the CSS.</li>
<li>No need to write media queries as instead you can use the <a href="https://tailwindcss.com/docs/responsive-design">utility classes outlined here</a> in the vein of <code>md:w-32</code> to only apply the CSS class on the page being <strong>medium</strong> sized.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="when-should-i-use-tailwind-css" tabindex="-1">When should I use Tailwind CSS? <a class="header-anchor" href="#when-should-i-use-tailwind-css">#</a></h2>
<p>Based on my experience, Tailwind CSS is most effective when used on a team where some or most of the developers have limited CSS skills. Establishing a consistent design system using CSS can be a time-consuming process. It requires a solid understanding of CSS as well as strong communication skills to establish a process and create a style guide that all team members must adhere to, instead of relying on "janky" CSS hacks for the desired look from StackOverflow.</p>
<p>Tailwind CSS can simplify the documentation process by providing comprehensive documentation and resources for getting started, both from the official <a href="https://tailwindcss.com/docs/installation">Tailwind</a> developers and the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ft30zcMlFao">community</a>. This can make it easier to understand and implement.</p>
<h2 id="what-are-the-downsides-of-tailwind-css" tabindex="-1">What are the downsides of Tailwind CSS? <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-are-the-downsides-of-tailwind-css">#</a></h2>
<p>Although Tailwind CSS offers many benefits, there are some drawbacks that could affect both the short-term and long-term success of your project:</p>
<ul>
<li>File size: Tailwind requires a large number of CSS classes to be added to your HTML, which can lead to longer page load times and larger file sizes if not optimized properly.</li>
<li>Learning curve: Tailwind CSS requires a different approach to writing CSS, which can take some time to learn and adjust to.</li>
<li>Opinionated design: Tailwind CSS provides pre-defined classes that can be used to quickly style elements, but it also imposes a specific design aesthetic that may not align with the desired look and feel of the website or application.</li>
<li>Overuse of classes: Using too many classes on a single element can make the HTML difficult to read and understand, leading to a more complex and harder to maintain codebase.</li>
<li>Customization: Tailwind CSS is highly customizable, but this can also lead to increased complexity in terms of configuration, and can make it harder to maintain the design consistency across the project.</li>
<li>Hard to remove: It can be challenging to remove Tailwind CSS once it has been implemented. This is because the embedded Tailwind classes are present throughout your HTML, component, or template files, and removing them incrementally can create conflicts with the Tailwind build system. Additionally, it may further complicate the project by requiring an additional build process for the new setup to incrementally replace styling.</li>
<li>Waiting on bleeding edge CSS features: Recent years have seen significant advancements in browser CSS capabilities, such as <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Container_Queries">Container Queries</a>, <code>:has()</code>, and <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Grid_Layout/Subgrid">Subgrid</a>. While these features can enhance the design and functionality of a website, they can be difficult to implement using Tailwind. In some cases, it may be necessary to wait for them to become available in Tailwind or make changes to the implementation once they are supported.</li>
<li>Native is forever: When incorporating a new framework like Tailwind into a project, it will require a learning phase. However, it's important to note that the knowledge acquired is specific to the Tailwind framework, including its class names and naming conventions, which may not be transferable to other frameworks. On the other hand, using CSS in its native form and understanding its intended use will result in a knowledge that will remain useful for a long time.</li>
<li>Bare-bones by default: What makes Tailwind different to other frameworks like Bootstrap etc is that you will need to create basic components like footers and headers from scratch, unless you pay for <a href="https://tailwindui.com">TailwindUI</a>. These prebuilt components are not freely available as open source. Instead most build there own components from scratch using the Tailwind CSS classes.</li>
</ul>
<p>Tailwind can be a suitable choice for almost any team, especially those that have no strong lead in CSS. Although it has some drawbacks, it sits between Bootstrap and native CSS in terms of flexibility and appearance. It avoids the common "look and feel" of websites built with Bootstrap, while providing some rails to prevent a large messy CSS file. To get the most out of Tailwind, it is important to adhere to its recommended practices and adjust your process to it's way.</p>
<p>If this hasn't put you off using Tailwind CSS in your next project I recommend you checking out the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ft30zcMlFao">Freecodecamp Learn Tailwind CSS - Course for Beginners</a> and my cheat-sheet below.</p>
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Having trouble with flexbox layout using Tailwind CSS? This cheatsheet can help you quickly find the right class style for your next flexbox layout, with diagrams included.</p>
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Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe - Checkout2022-10-23T07:40:32Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-checkout/<div class="series">
<h2 class="series-heading">
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe
</h2>
<span class="series-body">This article is part of a series, find the rest of the parts here:</span>
<ul class="series-list">
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Part 1 - Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-account-set-up/">Part 2 - Account set up</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-display-products/">Part 3 - Display Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-checkout/">Part 4 - Checkout</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-jCI2bKrud4" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<p>Concluding with the <a href="https://andrewford.co.nz/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Next.js & Stripe online shop series</a> we now will configure our shop to be able to purchase via Stripes hosted checkout page.</p>
<p>To do this we need to create a new API router to post the ID of the product we wish to purchase. In the <code>pages/api/</code> folder create a new file <code>checkout_sessions.js</code>. Add the following to this file:</p>
<pre class="language-js" tabindex="0"><code class="language-js"><span class="token keyword">const</span> stripe <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"stripe"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">STRIPE_SECRET_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">.</span>method <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check priceId has been provided</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>req<span class="token punctuation">.</span>body<span class="token operator">?.</span>priceId<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Price ID not provided"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create Checkout Sessions from body params.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> session <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> stripe<span class="token punctuation">.</span>checkout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sessions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">line_items</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Provide the exact Price ID (for example, pr_1234) of the product you want to sell</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">price</span><span class="token operator">:</span> req<span class="token punctuation">.</span>body<span class="token punctuation">.</span>priceId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">quantity</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">mode</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"payment"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">success_url</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">HOST</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">/success</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">cancel_url</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">HOST</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">/canceled</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">redirect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">303</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">status</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">.</span>statusCode <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Allow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">status</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">405</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Method Not Allowed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>This function will only allow POST requests. It also checks to ensure that the request body contains the price ID for the product, before redirecting to Stripe requesting with our private Stripe key.</p>
<p>In the previous step we have a form with a price ID value that we can post to this new <code>checkout_sessions.js</code> API route.</p>
<p>On the product page we need to add the Stripe front-end library which generates a new shopping object. Let's first install via the terminal:</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--save</span> @stripe/stripe-js</code></pre>
<p>Once that's been added we can then add the following to the <code>index.js</code> file to create a Stripe object. Make sure it sits outside the component for the page.</p>
<pre class="language-js" tabindex="0"><code class="language-js"><span class="token comment">// import stripe js</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> loadStripe <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@stripe/stripe-js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Make sure to call `loadStripe` outside of a component’s render to avoid</span>
<span class="token comment">// recreating the `Stripe` object on every render.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> stripePromise <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">loadStripe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NEXT_PUBLIC_STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>We now need to create the following pages <code>success.js</code> and <code>canceled.js</code> to be added to the <code>pages</code> folder.</p>
<p>The <code>success.js</code> file will have the following:</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> Head <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/head"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Link <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/link"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Layout <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../components/layout"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Order Success</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>description<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Products<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Layout</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Order Success</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Thanks for ordering.</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Link</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>/<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Return to products</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Link</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Layout</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>The <code>canceled.js</code> will have the following:</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> Head <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/head"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Link <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/link"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Layout <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../components/layout"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Canceled</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Order Canceled</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>description<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Products<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Layout</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Order canceled</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Your order has been canceled.</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Link</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>/<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Return to products</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Link</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Layout</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>In the <code>checkout_sessions.js</code> file we supply a <code>success_url</code> and a <code>canceled_url</code> value. This is where we redirect the user from the checkout page.</p>
<p>When you click on the "Buy Now" button you will be redirected to the Stripe checkout, like in the image below.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/n_hJyEUS1q-320.7f2f8ff067.avif 320w, /static/n_hJyEUS1q-720.0e2858c2c7.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/n_hJyEUS1q-320.e07dc75256.webp 320w, /static/n_hJyEUS1q-720.9674c8e099.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/n_hJyEUS1q-320.5efeba902a.png 320w, /static/n_hJyEUS1q-720.cf29fc8022.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="The hosted Stripe checkout" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/n_hJyEUS1q-320.5efeba902a.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>If you complete the purchase, then you will be directed to the success page.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/GFo16xib-Z-320.91267d503f.avif 320w, /static/GFo16xib-Z-720.98df30cf0e.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/GFo16xib-Z-320.8e2d782ed1.webp 320w, /static/GFo16xib-Z-720.03ddf42b2e.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/GFo16xib-Z-320.a7fe87eed6.png 320w, /static/GFo16xib-Z-720.0325c9785f.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Successful order" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/GFo16xib-Z-320.a7fe87eed6.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>Otherwise if you click the left arrow / back you will be redirected to the cancel page.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/evY2bwKjKs-320.3daa3fa81c.avif 320w, /static/evY2bwKjKs-720.d661f71b12.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/evY2bwKjKs-320.a35016ceaf.webp 320w, /static/evY2bwKjKs-720.7ff4d40bf1.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/evY2bwKjKs-320.7a94f7b411.png 320w, /static/evY2bwKjKs-720.1dd208d90e.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Canceled order" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/evY2bwKjKs-320.7a94f7b411.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>We have now completed the display of products and have the checkout page working correctly. Well done. 👏</p>
<p>You can <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/shop-nextjs-stripe">checkout the GitHub repository</a> for this project to see the finished result. Please note there are branches for each step. Alternatively you can view the repository on <a href="https://codesandbox.io/p/github/andrewjamesford/shop-nextjs-stripe/main?file=%2FREADME.md">CodeSandbox</a>.</p>
<p>For more help with setting up Stripe checkout take a look at the <a href="https://stripe.com/docs/checkout/quickstart">documentation</a> on the Stripe website.</p>
<div class="series">
<h2 class="series-heading">
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe
</h2>
<span class="series-body">This article is part of a series, find the rest of the parts here:</span>
<ul class="series-list">
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Part 1 - Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-account-set-up/">Part 2 - Account set up</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-display-products/">Part 3 - Display Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-checkout/">Part 4 - Checkout</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe - Display the products from Stripe2022-10-16T07:29:45Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-display-products/<div class="series">
<h2 class="series-heading">
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe
</h2>
<span class="series-body">This article is part of a series, find the rest of the parts here:</span>
<ul class="series-list">
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Part 1 - Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-account-set-up/">Part 2 - Account set up</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-display-products/">Part 3 - Display Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-checkout/">Part 4 - Checkout</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OiHx3Zouj_w" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<p>Continuing with the <a href="https://andrewford.co.nz/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Next.js & Stripe online shop series</a> we now will display the products.</p>
<p>We first need to get the products from Stripe and we need to do that securely and not expose our secret Stripe key.
So let's start with creating a new file called <code>products.js</code> in the <code>/pages/api/</code> folder.</p>
<p>We need to install the <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/stripe"><strong>stripe</strong> NPM package</a> first. Run the following command to install it:</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--save</span> stripe</code></pre>
<p>Add the following to the <code>products.js</code> file:</p>
<pre class="language-js" tabindex="0"><code class="language-js"><span class="token keyword">const</span> stripe <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"stripe"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">STRIPE_SECRET_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> products <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> stripe<span class="token punctuation">.</span>products<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">limit</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">status</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>products<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">status</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">message</span><span class="token operator">:</span> err<span class="token punctuation">.</span>message <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>By default the products can only be retrieved on the <a href="https://nextjs.org/docs/api-routes/introduction#caveats">same origin</a> ensuring that only our own shop can retrieve the products.</p>
<p>Let's <a href="http://localhost:3000/api/products">test our API</a> retrieves our products when running locally. You should be able to see the JSON returned.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/SoVus1symz-320.5d600f38b4.avif 320w, /static/SoVus1symz-720.393c168a48.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/SoVus1symz-320.260efcdb3b.webp 320w, /static/SoVus1symz-720.b66d48b49a.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/SoVus1symz-320.6ec4661989.png 320w, /static/SoVus1symz-720.b87870ce36.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Response from the product API" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/SoVus1symz-320.6ec4661989.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>Before we do anything else we need to create a <em>HOST</em> environment variable. Open the <code>.env.local</code> file and add the following:</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell"><span class="token comment"># add HOST</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">HOST</span><span class="token operator">=</span>http://localhost:3000</code></pre>
<p>We will use the <em>HOST</em> environment variable now, to prepend to our request to the API. Let's update the <code>index.js</code> file in the <code>pages</code> directory and add the following (outlined in the orange comments):</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> Head <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/head"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Layout <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../components/layout"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Pass the products object to the Home page</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Home</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> products <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Products</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>description<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Products<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Layout</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* Need to pass products.data to the Products component */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Products</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">products</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>products<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Layout</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add getServerSideProps so we can return the data from server-side</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getServerSideProps</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fetch data from external API</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> res <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">HOST</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">/api/products</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> products <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Pass data to the page via props</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">props</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> products <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>This will retrieve the products via a server side request so the page can pre-render. We now need a component to display this product information. To do this we will create a new javascript file called <code>products.js</code> in the <code>components</code> folder.</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Image <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/image"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> styles <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../styles/products.module.css"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Products</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> products <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* Check that we have products */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>products<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>ul</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>products<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* Iterate over the products */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>products<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">product</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span> <span class="token attr-name">key</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>product<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* Note that we are using a form to post to the API we just created */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">action</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>/api/checkout_sessions<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">method</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>POST<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* Display the product image using the Next Image component */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Image</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>product<span class="token punctuation">.</span>images<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Image of </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>product<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">layout</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"responsive"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">height</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">priority</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>product<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>product<span class="token punctuation">.</span>description<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>submit<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">role</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>link<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>link<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
Buy Now
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* The ID of the product so the user can purchase */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span>
<span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>hidden<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>priceId<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span>
<span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>product<span class="token punctuation">.</span>default_price<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">No products</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>Notice in the above example we take advantage of the <a href="https://nextjs.org/docs/api-reference/next/image">Next.js Image component</a>. This component is great for displaying optimised versions of your images serving the correct sized image for the device/screen they are being served to.</p>
<p>We also need to create a CSS module for the product component, create a new file called <code>products.module.css</code> in the <code>styles</code> folder.</p>
<pre class="language-css" tabindex="0"><code class="language-css"><span class="token selector">.link</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> inline-block<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--primary-color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #fff<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.5rem 1rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.2rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1px solid <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--primary-color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.link:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #fff<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--primary-color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.promotion</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> grid<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">grid-template-columns</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1fr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">list-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">gap</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> screen <span class="token keyword">and</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 50rem<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token selector">.promotion</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/* 2 columns */</span>
<span class="token property">grid-template-columns</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1fr 1fr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> screen <span class="token keyword">and</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 70rem<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token selector">.promotion</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/* 3 columns */</span>
<span class="token property">grid-template-columns</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1fr 1fr 1fr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>The last step to get our images to display from Stripe is to update the <code>next.config.js</code> file with a parameter to allow us to retrieve the images from <a href="http://stripe.com">stripe.com</a>. We can do this by adding the following:</p>
<pre class="language-js" tabindex="0"><code class="language-js">module<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exports <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">reactStrictMode</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add this to allow images to be retrieved from stripe.com</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">images</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">domains</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"files.stripe.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>When loading the page for your shop locally you should now see a list of products available like the following:</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/BD39pKuf8g-320.541b71441b.avif 320w, /static/BD39pKuf8g-720.5cbb8a4be7.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/BD39pKuf8g-320.9971cb0213.webp 320w, /static/BD39pKuf8g-720.6cffd68b34.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/BD39pKuf8g-320.6597e14490.png 320w, /static/BD39pKuf8g-720.0b372e8361.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Products listed" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/BD39pKuf8g-320.6597e14490.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>Our products are displaying now because we used <code>getServerSideProps</code> to retrieve the products server side. The product information is retrieved before rendering and served server side (information will be displayed even if JavaScript is disabled). Great for search engines to be able to index your products.</p>
<p>Next, we will add the cart and purchase functionality so someone could buy one of our products.</p>
<div class="series">
<h2 class="series-heading">
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe
</h2>
<span class="series-body">This article is part of a series, find the rest of the parts here:</span>
<ul class="series-list">
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Part 1 - Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-account-set-up/">Part 2 - Account set up</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-display-products/">Part 3 - Display Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-checkout/">Part 4 - Checkout</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe - Stripe account set up2022-10-12T13:02:18Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-account-set-up/<div class="series">
<h2 class="series-heading">
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe
</h2>
<span class="series-body">This article is part of a series, find the rest of the parts here:</span>
<ul class="series-list">
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Part 1 - Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-account-set-up/">Part 2 - Account set up</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-display-products/">Part 3 - Display Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-checkout/">Part 4 - Checkout</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cEL2Jtp8RLs" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<p><a href="https://andrewford.co.nz/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Continuing with the Next.js & Stripe</a> online shop series we will setup your Stripe account. Head to <a href="https://dashboard.stripe.com/register">Stripe's website</a> and setup a new account (if you don't already have one).</p>
<h2 id="register-a-stripe-account" tabindex="-1">Register a Stripe account <a class="header-anchor" href="#register-a-stripe-account">#</a></h2>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/XZ9AueR_wK-320.b862722d56.avif 320w, /static/XZ9AueR_wK-720.f9f0ea57aa.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/XZ9AueR_wK-320.22788e2945.webp 320w, /static/XZ9AueR_wK-720.c44753673a.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/XZ9AueR_wK-320.6dac3fd186.png 320w, /static/XZ9AueR_wK-720.cf2f002892.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Stripe Developers API keys page" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/XZ9AueR_wK-320.6dac3fd186.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>Once signed up go to the "Developer" page and select the "API keys" on the left hand side menu.</p>
<p>We need to now create an ENV file for our project so it can use these API keys to retrieve our products from Stripe. In the folder of your project create a new file called <code>.env.local</code> and add the following two variable names.</p>
<pre><code>STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY=
STRIPE_SECRET_KEY=
</code></pre>
<p>Grab the keys from the API keys page and add them to the corresponding variables in the <code>.env.local</code> file.</p>
<p><em>Please be aware that these keys are for testing and you will need to generate new keys for when you go live (production).</em></p>
<h2 id="create-products-for-our-online-shop" tabindex="-1">Create products for our online shop <a class="header-anchor" href="#create-products-for-our-online-shop">#</a></h2>
<p>You can manage all the content for your online shop through the Stripe dashboard. This has a lot of benefits. You don't require a CMS to manage your products, you can use different currencies/pricing for different regions and you can manage your product images all in the same interface.</p>
<p>From the menu, access the "Products" page then click the purple "Add Product" button.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/u4fMt6f2nj-320.72188fc9b4.avif 320w, /static/u4fMt6f2nj-720.0f32e9ef0c.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/u4fMt6f2nj-320.7e292f9c8a.webp 320w, /static/u4fMt6f2nj-720.b7bb03a31f.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/u4fMt6f2nj-320.f3c782ca59.png 320w, /static/u4fMt6f2nj-720.a90146f277.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Product information form" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/u4fMt6f2nj-320.f3c782ca59.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>Add some details for your product, add a price and upload an image. Make sure to select "One Time" for the product price.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/mBkOHTy4gQ-320.8b2c641587.avif 320w, /static/mBkOHTy4gQ-720.80551962e7.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/mBkOHTy4gQ-320.beea3a0ffc.webp 320w, /static/mBkOHTy4gQ-720.d8a0326c92.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/mBkOHTy4gQ-320.1aee695288.png 320w, /static/mBkOHTy4gQ-720.7fff9851c5.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Product One Time price" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/mBkOHTy4gQ-320.1aee695288.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>Now repeat until you have finished creating all the new products you wish to create. You should end up with a product list similar to this.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/AgRMjsuHNT-320.ab02dff8b2.avif 320w, /static/AgRMjsuHNT-720.164dffe810.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/AgRMjsuHNT-320.44a8730d38.webp 320w, /static/AgRMjsuHNT-720.45bef0e8cd.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/AgRMjsuHNT-320.a0884ab168.png 320w, /static/AgRMjsuHNT-720.ddd2526b90.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="List of products on Stripe" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/AgRMjsuHNT-320.a0884ab168.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>Congrats you have now successfully added your shop products to Stripe. Stay tuned for the next update where we will display your shop products in your shop.</p>
<div class="series">
<h2 class="series-heading">
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe
</h2>
<span class="series-body">This article is part of a series, find the rest of the parts here:</span>
<ul class="series-list">
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Part 1 - Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-account-set-up/">Part 2 - Account set up</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-display-products/">Part 3 - Display Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-checkout/">Part 4 - Checkout</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Create your own UI Component Library2022-10-08T16:33:02Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/create-your-own-ui-component-library/<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fpUPw9Yu5NA" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<p>In this guide, I will walk you through getting started creating your own UI Component library with <a href="https://reactjs.org/">ReactJS</a>, <a href="https://www.typescriptlang.org/">TypeScript</a> and <a href="https://storybook.js.org">Storybook</a>.</p>
<p>You will need <a href="https://nodejs.org/">Node.js</a> installed as a prerequisite, so install this first (if not already installed).</p>
<p>Open a terminal where you want to start working, we will create a new folder with our new project. We are using <a href="https://create-react-app.dev">Create React App</a> in this example but the steps are similar to <a href="https://vitejs.dev">ViteJS</a> and <a href="https://nextjs.org">NextJS</a>. Run the following command:</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell">npx create-react-app your-ui-library-name <span class="token parameter variable">--template</span> typescript</code></pre>
<p>This will use <a href="https://create-react-app.dev">CRA</a> with the TypeScript template to create a new project.</p>
<p>Next we will install <a href="https://storybook.js.org">Storybook</a>. Make sure you are in the directory that contains your project using <code>cd your-ui-library-name</code>, replace <code>your-ui-library-name</code> with your own projects name.</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell">npx storybook init</code></pre>
<p>This will install Storybook in your project and add some default files.</p>
<p>Let's get it running so we can make sure the installation went well.</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">npm</span> run storybook</code></pre>
<p>You should now see a welcome screen in your default browser like the following:</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/6kARsCi043-320.78abe0e1e1.avif 320w, /static/6kARsCi043-720.2c52638886.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/6kARsCi043-320.1fc9e5a117.webp 320w, /static/6kARsCi043-720.57e6bd7eee.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/6kARsCi043-320.f79526ce02.png 320w, /static/6kARsCi043-720.0e459aa7dd.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Storybook welcome screen" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/6kARsCi043-320.f79526ce02.png" width="720" height="449"></picture></p>
<p>When building a component UI library it's best to start building the smallest components that will make up the UI library. I suggest starting with some basic components like Headings & Buttons followed by common form controls. The storybook documentation on the welcome screen has a link to a great site quickly summarising <a href="https://www.componentdriven.org/">component driven development</a>.</p>
<p>By default, Storybook creates a folder called <code>stories</code> that contains component files, stories files and CSS files all matching the appropriate component name. For example <code>header.css</code>, <code>Header.tsx</code> and <code>Header.stories.tsx</code>.</p>
<p>My preference is to instead create a <code>components</code> and <code>pages</code> folder. In the components folder, I will have the component file, the stories file and the CSS module together as they are all part of the whole. I use the pages folder for the top-level components that are used by a router for example <a href="https://reactrouter.com">React Router</a>. All my other components that are made up of the simple ones are also placed in the <code>components</code> folder, like a login form for example.</p>
<p>We are now going to copy the <code>button.css</code>, <code>Button.stories.tsx</code> and <code>Button.tsx</code> files into the <code>components</code> folder. This is a great example to start with for our Button component. Now you can delete the <code>stories</code> folder created by Storybook.</p>
<p><a href="https://create-react-app.dev">Create React App</a>, <a href="https://nextjs.org">NextJS</a> etc support <a href="https://css-tricks.com/css-modules-part-1-need/">CSS Modules</a> by default. CSS Modules let you use the same CSS class name in different files without worrying about naming clashes. Let's change this button component CSS file to <code>button.module.css</code>.
Open <code>Button.tsx</code> and replace the reference to the <code>button.css</code> file with the following:</p>
<p>From this:</p>
<pre class="language-ts" tabindex="0"><code class="language-ts"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token string">"./button.css"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>To this:</p>
<pre class="language-ts" tabindex="0"><code class="language-ts"><span class="token keyword">import</span> styles <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"./button.module.css"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>In the <code>Button.tsx</code> file you can see the properties for the component have been defined with <code>interface ButtonProps</code>. Notice the "size" with options of small, medium and large. We are going to make some adjustments to the CSS and logic of the component to work with CSS Modules.</p>
<p>Open the <code>button.module.css</code> file and rename the CSS classes from <a href="https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/programming-naming-conventions-explained/#what-is-kebab-case">kebab-case</a> to <a href="https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/programming-naming-conventions-explained/#what-is-camel-case">camelCase</a>. We will also rename to a more generic name, by removing the "storybook" from the class names.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/QNzMO3pz9b-320.70dd8dbb27.avif 320w, /static/QNzMO3pz9b-720.427c2842cc.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/QNzMO3pz9b-320.08665ded2e.webp 320w, /static/QNzMO3pz9b-720.a5234f8002.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/QNzMO3pz9b-320.50d98c4640.png 320w, /static/QNzMO3pz9b-720.7a92253620.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Rename CSS from kebab case to camel case" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/QNzMO3pz9b-320.50d98c4640.png" width="720" height="621"></picture></p>
<p>Now we need to update the button component with the class names from the CSS module.</p>
<pre class="language-tsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-tsx"><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Button <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
primary <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"medium"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
backgroundColor<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
label<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">...</span>props
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">:</span> ButtonProps<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mode <span class="token operator">=</span> primary <span class="token operator">?</span> styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>buttonPrimary <span class="token operator">:</span> styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>buttonSecondary<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> sizeClass <span class="token operator">=</span> styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>buttonMedium<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">"small"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
sizeClass <span class="token operator">=</span> styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>buttonSmall<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>size <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">"large"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
sizeClass <span class="token operator">=</span> styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>buttonLarge<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator"><</span>button
type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"button"</span>
className<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>button<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>sizeClass<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mode<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
style<span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">...</span>props<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>label<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>In your browser, you can now view the "Docs" section for the button with its awesome ability to change properties for your component in real-time. Which is great for testing purposes.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/QuutAIUF4W-320.d59aa98db5.avif 320w, /static/QuutAIUF4W-720.cc7c5e8fa9.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/QuutAIUF4W-320.acd57fb670.webp 320w, /static/QuutAIUF4W-720.30d7c3fae9.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/QuutAIUF4W-320.1a5cd70e1f.png 320w, /static/QuutAIUF4W-720.c085229039.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Storybook documentation for our button" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/QuutAIUF4W-320.1a5cd70e1f.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>I've also added another example for <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/react-ts-component-library/blob/main/src/components/Heading.tsx">headings</a>, that allows you to select from h1-h6.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/Qkdwd5FNBk-320.a23fb6dc74.avif 320w, /static/Qkdwd5FNBk-720.6791403dc6.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/Qkdwd5FNBk-320.7842ceb393.webp 320w, /static/Qkdwd5FNBk-720.36cc6d7d9b.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/Qkdwd5FNBk-320.876cc371b1.png 320w, /static/Qkdwd5FNBk-720.374274bfd0.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Storybook documentation for a heading component" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/Qkdwd5FNBk-320.876cc371b1.png" width="720" height="430"></picture></p>
<p>Now keep creating more components for your own UI library piece by piece. You can test and check your components in Storybook independent of the web app, configuring all sorts of different property combinations.</p>
<p>If you would like to view the source code for my example it's available on <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/react-ts-component-library">GitHub</a>.</p>
<p>For more guides on how to use Storybook to create your own UI Component library check out the <a href="https://storybook.js.org/tutorials/">tutorial section</a> at the storybook website.</p>
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe2021-12-03T22:02:38Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/<div class="series">
<h2 class="series-heading">
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe
</h2>
<span class="series-body">This article is part of a series, find the rest of the parts here:</span>
<ul class="series-list">
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Part 1 - Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-account-set-up/">Part 2 - Account set up</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-display-products/">Part 3 - Display Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-checkout/">Part 4 - Checkout</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<iframe class="video" loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-3rN4US4xzo" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
<p>In this series I'm going to walk through the process of building an online shop using the <a href="https://reactjs.org">React</a> Framework <a href="https://nextjs.org">Next.js</a>. You may have built a website before using the likes of <a href="https://create-react-app.dev">Create React App</a> which will get you the bare bones together to start building. But it doesn't get you that far before you have a huge amount of decisions to make. What routing should I use for my pages? What CSS in JS library? Should I use Tailwind? Will my website have good <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_optimization">SEO</a>? Very quickly you can be overloaded with decisions. This stems mostly from the fact that React is not a framework. It's a <em>library</em>.</p>
<p><a href="https://nextjs.org">Next.js</a> on the other hand is <strong>"The React Framework for Production"</strong>. With it a lot of the decisions have been made for you, letting you get up and running much faster. More importantly it solves a lot of the common problems that building a website/web app entail.</p>
<p>You will need to have an understanding of HTML, CSS and React of course to follow along with this series. I teach all these subjects at <a href="https://www.developers.ac.nz">Developers Institute</a> where I'm a Tech Lead 😉</p>
<p>To get started building a Next.js application, hopefully you have Node installed ( if not <a href="https://nodejs.org/en/">download here</a> ) and open up your terminal.</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell">npx create-next-app@latest</code></pre>
<p>Follow the prompts and give it a name "shop-nextjs-stripe"</p>
<p>Head into the directory with your new project and start the local development.</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell"><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> shop-nextjs-stripe
<span class="token function">npm</span> run dev</code></pre>
<p>Open your code editor and take a look at the folder structure. You will see 3 folders. The "pages" folder is where the routing happens. That will direct the url page in your app. For example if you had a file called <code>contact-us.js</code> to be routed to it you would have the following url your browser <code>http://localhost:3000/contact-us</code>. This will show the content from that component.</p>
<p>Your <strong>pages</strong> folder will have a <strong>api</strong> folder and two files <code>_app.js</code> and <code>index.js</code>.</p>
<p>Open the project in a <a href="http://localhost:3000">browser</a> and you should see something like this</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/hAC9czmvhK-320.3f825ffa4d.avif 320w, /static/hAC9czmvhK-720.436b971212.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/hAC9czmvhK-320.13489c54b6.webp 320w, /static/hAC9czmvhK-720.45093e38f5.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/hAC9czmvhK-320.2fd61eb883.png 320w, /static/hAC9czmvhK-720.bd52c6ce27.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Next.JS Starter" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/hAC9czmvhK-320.2fd61eb883.png" width="720" height="617"></picture></p>
<p>Great the project is up and running in development mode 🙌</p>
<p>In your code editor (I suggest you use <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com">VS Code</a>) we will open the <code>index.js</code> file in the <code>pages</code> folder.</p>
<p>We are going to remove everything and replace it with the following:</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> Head <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/head"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Home</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Products</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>description<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Products<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>That's cleared the standard install documentation links. Time to make our first component. Let's make a new folder called <code>components</code> and add a file <code>layout.js</code> in that directory. Add the following:</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Head <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/head"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> styles <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../styles/layout.module.css"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Layout</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> children <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>link</span> <span class="token attr-name">rel</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>icon<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>/favicon.ico<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>container<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>main</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>main<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>children<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>This will be the layout shared across all our pages in the shop. To add to that we will add a Header and a Footer component.</p>
<p>Again in the <code>components</code> folder create a <code>header.js</code> and a <code>footer.js</code> file.</p>
<p>In the header file add the following:</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Header</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>header</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>header</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>In the footer file add the following:</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Footer</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>footer</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>footer</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>We need to update the layout component like so (see the comments in the code):</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Head <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/head"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add the following imports</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Header <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"./header"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Footer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"./footer"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> styles <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../styles/layout.module.css"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Layout</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> children <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>link</span> <span class="token attr-name">rel</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>icon<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>/favicon.ico<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Head</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* Add the Header */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Header</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>container<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>main</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>main<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>children<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* Add the Footer */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Footer</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>We now have a Layout component we can re-use throughout our application with the Header and Footer on every page. We can pass the content for the page via the <strong>children</strong> prop.</p>
<p>You may have noticed we have a reference to a CSS module but haven't added that to the <code>styles</code> folder yet. By default Next.js supports CSS modules, the major benefit with CSS modules is we can avoid CSS name collisions (it makes unique CSS class names) and feel comfortable to delete an unused CSS file as we know it's only relevant to one component. <a href="https://css-tricks.com/css-modules-part-1-need/">CSS Tricks</a> has a series on CSS Modules worth reading to get a better understanding.</p>
<p>Notice that the corresponding CSS classes above are referenced as a JavaScript object e.g.</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>container<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span></code></pre>
<p>Let's add the CSS and it's file. Create a <code>layout.module.css</code> file in the <code>styles</code> folder with the following code:</p>
<pre class="language-css" tabindex="0"><code class="language-css"><span class="token selector">.container</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">min-height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 90vh<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">flex-direction</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> column<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">justify-content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex-start<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.main</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5.3rem 0 1rem 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">flex</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">flex-direction</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> column<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">align-items</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>Now we can add the Layout component to every page. Let's add it to the <code>index.js</code>:</p>
<pre class="language-js" tabindex="0"><code class="language-js"><span class="token keyword">import</span> Head <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"next/head"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> styles <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../styles/Home.module.css"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Import the layout components</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Layout <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../components/layout"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Home</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token operator"><</span>Head<span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token operator"><</span>title<span class="token operator">></span>Products<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>title<span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token operator"><</span>meta name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"description"</span> content<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Products"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>Head<span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* Add the Layout component to the Home page. */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token operator"><</span>Layout<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>Layout<span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>Let's start putting some content in to the Header component. Let's start off by adding some <code><div></code> tags to store a logo and some icons.</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> styles <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../styles/header.module.css"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Header</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>header</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>header<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mainNav<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>iconNav<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>nav</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>nav</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>header</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>And the subsequent CSS styles</p>
<pre class="language-css" tabindex="0"><code class="language-css"><span class="token selector">.header</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 4.4rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">border-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1px solid #eaeaea<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">justify-content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">align-items</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> fixed<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--bg-color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">z-index</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 10<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.iconNav ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">list-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.mainNav</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">justify-content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> space-between<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--max-cont-width<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.logo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--font-color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">cursor</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> pointer<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 4rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 4rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>We also need to update the <code>global.css</code> file with these variables. Add them to the very top of the file.</p>
<pre class="language-css" tabindex="0"><code class="language-css"><span class="token selector">:root</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">--font-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #111<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">--icon-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #111<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">--bg-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #fff<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">--max-cont-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 63rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>Time to add some icons, we are going to use <a href="https://heroicons.com">Heroicons</a> in this project. In the terminal run:</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">npm</span> i @heroicons/react</code></pre>
<p>We can add them to the <code>header.js</code> file like so.</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// icons added</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
MagnifyingGlassIcon<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
BuildingStorefrontIcon<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Bars3Icon<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@heroicons/react/24/solid"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// outline icon added</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ShoppingBagIcon <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@heroicons/react/24/outline"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> styles <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../styles/header.module.css"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Header</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>header</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>header<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mainNav<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">BuildingStorefrontIcon</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>logo<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>iconNav<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>nav</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">MagnifyingGlassIcon</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>searchIcon<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">ShoppingBagIcon</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cartIcon<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Bars3Icon</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>menuIcon<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>nav</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>header</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>Also add corresponding CSS for the icons.</p>
<pre class="language-css" tabindex="0"><code class="language-css"><span class="token selector">.searchIcon</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.5em<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.5em<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--icon-color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin-right</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.5rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.cartIcon</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.5em<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.5em<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--icon-color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin-right</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.5rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.menuIcon</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.5em<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.5em<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--icon-color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin-right</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.5rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>We are almost done, lets add a footer and style it.</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> styles <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"../styles/footer.module.css"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">Footer</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>footer</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>footer<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>footerCont<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>nav</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>footerNav<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Find a Store</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Sign up for Email</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Become a Member</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Feedback</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>nav</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>styles<span class="token punctuation">.</span>copyright<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">&copy; 2022 Online Shop</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>footer</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>Add a new file to the styles folder <code>footer.module.css</code>. Then add the following CSS.</p>
<pre class="language-css" tabindex="0"><code class="language-css"><span class="token selector">.footer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 11rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">justify-content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">align-items</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--font-color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #fff<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">flex-direction</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> column<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.footerCont</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>--max-cont-width<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0 auto<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0 1.6rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.footerNav ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">flex-direction</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> column<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">list-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.footerNav li</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.3rem 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">text-transform</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> uppercase<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.8rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.copyright</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.8rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">opacity</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.8<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">margin-top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.6rem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/KfwQW7j6I9-320.cc2ef2d29f.avif 320w, /static/KfwQW7j6I9-720.0b30af431e.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/KfwQW7j6I9-320.29fb3801f9.webp 320w, /static/KfwQW7j6I9-720.b84d9cbf2e.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/KfwQW7j6I9-320.a57829b376.png 320w, /static/KfwQW7j6I9-720.3348279ca6.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Progress so far of the header and footer" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/KfwQW7j6I9-320.a57829b376.png" width="720" height="556"></picture></p>
<p>Alright that's quite a bit we've done here, congrats if you got this far 👍. We have the shell of the shop. Next up we need to set up Stripe to store our product info, product images and prices.</p>
<p>Please subscribe to get notified of the next installment in this series.</p>
<div class="series">
<h2 class="series-heading">
Build a shop with Next.js and Stripe
</h2>
<span class="series-body">This article is part of a series, find the rest of the parts here:</span>
<ul class="series-list">
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-introduction/">Part 1 - Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-account-set-up/">Part 2 - Account set up</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-display-products/">Part 3 - Display Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/articles/shop-nextjs-stripe-checkout/">Part 4 - Checkout</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Full Stack Developer to Instructor2021-11-18T08:24:23Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/full-stack-developer-to-instructor/<p>After 20 years being in the software/web industry with roles like web developer, analyst developer, lead developer, software engineer, and full stack developer. I decided in August to take a side step in to teaching.</p>
<p>While I had mentored many junior developers over my career this was something new and exciting to me. Getting the chance to impart my knowledge and skills on to a new generation of developers sounded exciting and fresh. Most importantly the job was remote too.</p>
<p>Starting the job I had a two week window to get acquainted with what I'd be teaching and immerse myself in the content that had already been created (exercises and projects) before I started teaching.</p>
<p>Once the term started and I was teaching two lessons a day to 25 students online via Google Meet. Teaching them first how to get Git set up on their computers and all the other software needed to start developing. While the first couple of lessons felt quite daunting, after a week I felt completely at ease with the students.</p>
<p>I feel in the short time I've been teaching, my understanding of JavaScript and HTML/CSS has improved greatly. Even after using these technologies for <strong>20 years</strong>. When you have to explain how and why things work the way that they do you always want to be prepared for those questions from students. Because I can assure you they are going to ask hard questions. You continually want to keep improving your teaching style and approach too. There are even times you will have to change tact with how you are teaching mid lesson. It definitely keeps you on your toes.</p>
<p>The biggest change I've found in my own well being is the feeling of satisfaction now with what I do in my job. While I did enjoy the developing of software, it's the lack of connection of your work to a customer/user that isn't great with the majority of jobs I've been at in the past. Whereas both during and after classes I receive <em>comments and feedback directly from my students almost every day</em>.</p>
<p>I've now survived one term teaching Client Side Web Development. The students enjoyed my teaching style and have given me lot's of praise and feedback. More importantly I've enjoyed every week of teaching.</p>
<p>If you feel like you need a change to developing software maybe consider teaching and come join me and the rest of the team at <a href="https://apply.workable.com/developers-institute/">Developers Institute</a>.</p>
Tailwind Flexbox Cheatsheet2021-05-27T22:01:16Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/tailwind-flexbox-cheatsheet/<p>If you hadn't figured out already (see my other <a href="https://andrewford.co.nz/articles/tailwind-theming-by-config/">blog entry</a>) I'm quite a fan of <a href="https://tailwindcss.com/">Tailwind</a> the utility CSS framework. While I think their documentation is great, I'm a fan of visual cheatsheets. With a heavy emphasis on the visual. Finding no one else had made what I wanted I fired up <a href="https://figma.com">Figma</a> and got to work.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/aPascrkwtN-320.d1c1459699.avif 320w, /static/aPascrkwtN-720.1c6f40b949.avif 720w, /static/aPascrkwtN-1024.9714ec8009.avif 1024w, /static/aPascrkwtN-1280.b82fd145c7.avif 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/aPascrkwtN-320.b0f8648b27.webp 320w, /static/aPascrkwtN-720.680e7a522a.webp 720w, /static/aPascrkwtN-1024.4d17589a66.webp 1024w, /static/aPascrkwtN-1280.85dcc7ae8a.webp 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/aPascrkwtN-320.b08aa57c75.png 320w, /static/aPascrkwtN-720.f414dadbe8.png 720w, /static/aPascrkwtN-1024.158f241261.png 1024w, /static/aPascrkwtN-1280.6a60324d73.png 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/jpeg" srcset="/static/aPascrkwtN-320.b401bf994f.jpeg 320w, /static/aPascrkwtN-720.602e24d4de.jpeg 720w, /static/aPascrkwtN-1024.10313f2e89.jpeg 1024w, /static/aPascrkwtN-1280.b236f3aace.jpeg 1280w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Sneak peak of the cheatsheet" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/aPascrkwtN-320.b401bf994f.jpeg" width="1280" height="1280"></picture></p>
<p>Hope you like it! Any suggestions <a href="mailto:me@andrewford.co.nz">let me know</a>.</p>
<h2 id="update-12-june-2023" tabindex="-1">Update 12 June 2023 <a class="header-anchor" href="#update-12-june-2023">#</a></h2>
<p>I've added it's brother to Gumroad <a href="https://andrewford.gumroad.com/l/tailwindgridcheatsheet">Tailwind Grid Cheatsheet</a> get the set.</p>
<h2 id="update-21-may-2022" tabindex="-1">Update 21 May 2022 <a class="header-anchor" href="#update-21-may-2022">#</a></h2>
<p>I've added a new PDF for version 3 of Tailwind CSS.</p>
<p>It has the following changes:</p>
<ul>
<li>Changed <code>flex-grow</code> to <code>grow</code></li>
<li>Changed <code>flex-shrink</code> to <code>shrink</code></li>
<li>Added <code>basis-{size}</code> with two examples</li>
</ul>
<div class="promotion">
<picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/OWPaFD-yiP-1785.608b274927.avif 1785w"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/OWPaFD-yiP-1785.cc21ff6eba.webp 1785w"><img alt="Tailwind Flexbox Cheatsheet" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/OWPaFD-yiP-1785.f084236a1e.png" width="1785" height="717"></picture>
<div class="promotion-title">
<a href="https://andrewford.gumroad.com/l/tailwindcheatsheet">Tailwind Flexbox Cheatsheet</a>
</div>
<p class="promotion-body">
Having trouble with flexbox layout using Tailwind CSS? This cheatsheet can help you quickly find the right class style for your next flexbox layout, with diagrams included.</p>
<a href="https://andrewford.gumroad.com/l/tailwindcheatsheet" class="promotion-cta">Pay what you want</a>
</div>
Tailwind Theming by Config2021-04-06T21:47:02Zhttps://andrewford.co.nz/articles/tailwind-theming-by-config/<p>A common approach to building web apps in large organisations are theming them for multiple brands. The app will function in the same way but look different for each corresponding theme with alternate fonts, colours and logo etc. This can be a big headache, and you can be left maintaining multiple copies of the same code base. In an ideal world we don't want to do that.</p>
<p>I found myself at work in this exact scenario. We had a need for multiple themes/branding but at the apps core it had the same functionality. I needed to use the same code base for this ReactJS app. Most importantly I needed to have flexibility and have options to hide and show form fields, components etc if needed for different themes. I also wanted to have an easy way to switch which theme/brand the app was using across the board at the deployment level. So same GIT repository, 3 different deployments (domains), all hosted on Azure.</p>
<p>At work we use <a href="https://tailwindcss.com">Tailwind CSS</a> which is a utility first CSS framework. Rather than making custom CSS classes for each part of a component you are working on, you add multiple utility classes to each element and never run the issue of another developer (or your self in the future) breaking your design. CSS classes stay consistent and in practise I've found you only need to add on the off occasion a custom CSS class.</p>
<p>To achieve the theming of Tailwind I used a plugin called <a href="https://github.com/JakeNavith/tailwindcss-theme-variants">tailwind-theme-variants</a>. This allowed me to create 3 variants. We will call them Alpha, Beta, Gamma. Each have there own brand colours. So anywhere through out the application I can prefix the brand name and a colon to a CSS class for example and know it will only be shown for that theme. Just like when using the <a href="https://tailwindcss.com/docs/responsive-design">responsive classes in Tailwind CSS</a>.</p>
<pre class="language-jsx" tabindex="0"><code class="language-jsx"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>alpha:bg-alpha-color1 beta:bg-beta-color1 gamma:bg-gamma-color1 text-sm<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
My component
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span></code></pre>
<p>In the <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/tailwind-theming-by-config-example">example</a> above when the user is looking at the <strong>alpha</strong> themed version of the app this component will have the background colour of alpha colour 1 (<strong><span style="border-bottom: 3px solid azure;">azure</span></strong>). Versus the <strong>gamma</strong> themed version will have the background colour of gamma colour 1 (<strong><span style="border-bottom: 3px solid ghostwhite">ghostwhite</span></strong>). This allows some great flexibility to theme your app while at the same time making it easy to manage.</p>
<h2 id="final-result" tabindex="-1">Final result <a class="header-anchor" href="#final-result">#</a></h2>
<p>First off lets look at the final results. In the screenshots below you can see two identically styled designs of 3 cards. The top one has the <strong>alpha</strong> theme with a background color of <strong><span style="border-bottom: 3px solid azure;">azure</span></strong> the bottom <strong>gamma</strong> with a background colour of <strong><span style="border-bottom: 3px solid ghostwhite">ghostwhite</span></strong>.</p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/ezbYTDVABk-320.959be9e176.avif 320w, /static/ezbYTDVABk-720.5288c5ab3b.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/ezbYTDVABk-320.c1e04d9bd7.webp 320w, /static/ezbYTDVABk-720.ae47bab360.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/ezbYTDVABk-320.9a633dce56.png 320w, /static/ezbYTDVABk-720.2b330de7f9.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Alpha Cards" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/ezbYTDVABk-320.9a633dce56.png" width="720" height="504"></picture>
<em>The alpha theme is set</em></p>
<p><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/4VHdk5FvJi-320.001b2eb2ca.avif 320w, /static/4VHdk5FvJi-720.271688deeb.avif 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/4VHdk5FvJi-320.43027795ee.webp 320w, /static/4VHdk5FvJi-720.d7d3dc7790.webp 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><source type="image/png" srcset="/static/4VHdk5FvJi-320.286f6db7ab.png 320w, /static/4VHdk5FvJi-720.885297f9c2.png 720w" sizes="1280,1024,720,320"><img alt="Gamma Cards" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/4VHdk5FvJi-320.286f6db7ab.png" width="720" height="466"></picture>
<em>The gamma theme is set</em></p>
<p>Same code base, the only difference between each to get the different results is that an environment variable is different between the two. In this case while developing I have a <em>.env</em> file that looks like this:</p>
<pre class="language-properties" tabindex="0"><code class="language-properties"><span class="token key attr-name">REACT_APP_THEME_CONFIG</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token value attr-value">alpha</span></code></pre>
<p>The above sets the theme to alpha on build via an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable">environment variable</a>.</p>
<h2 id="getting-started" tabindex="-1">Getting started <a class="header-anchor" href="#getting-started">#</a></h2>
<p>To set up your own theme variants for your own Tailwind application we need to first install the plugin:</p>
<pre class="language-shell" tabindex="0"><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save-dev tailwindcss-theme-variants</code></pre>
<p>We now need to modify our <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/tailwind-theming-by-config-example/blob/main/tailwind.config.js"><em>tailwind.config.js</em></a> file. Add the following at the top.</p>
<pre class="language-js" tabindex="0"><code class="language-js"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> themeVariants <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"tailwindcss-theme-variants"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
<p>We can then add our custom theme colors for our individual themes in this case <em>alpha</em>, <em>beta</em> and <em>gamma</em>:</p>
<pre class="language-js" tabindex="0"><code class="language-js"><span class="token literal-property property">theme</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">extend</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">colors</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">alpha</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">colour1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'azure'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">beta</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">colour1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'green'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">gamma</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">colour1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'ghostwhite'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></code></pre>
<p>Followed by our variants, which set what properties we can use these colours for in this example background color, border color and text color. I used a group called 'schemes' in this example to not have to write each theme name 9 times:</p>
<pre class="language-js" tabindex="0"><code class="language-js"><span class="token literal-property property">variants</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">backgroundColor</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'schemes'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">borderColor</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'schemes'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">textColor</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'schemes'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">extend</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></code></pre>
<p>Finally the selector for each theme.</p>
<pre class="language-js" tabindex="0"><code class="language-js"><span class="token literal-property property">plugins</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token function">themeVariants</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">group</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"schemes"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">themes</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">alpha</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">selector</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">".alpha"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">beta</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">selector</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">".beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">gamma</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">selector</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">".gamma"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></code></pre>
<h2 id="how-it-works" tabindex="-1">How it works <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-works">#</a></h2>
<p>These themes are configured by the root html element having the theme CSS name. In the example below the html tag has the selector class of <em>alpha</em>. The selector class has to be added to the <em>:root</em> or <em>html</em> tag.</p>
<pre class="language-html" tabindex="0"><code class="language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>alpha<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
...
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span></code></pre>
<p>If you inspect the class with an <em>alpha</em> selector it will look like this in your dev tools when you inspect it:</p>
<pre class="language-css" tabindex="0"><code class="language-css"><span class="token selector">:root.alpha .alpha\:bg-alpha-colour1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
...<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>Coming back to my scenario above I needed the same source code to have the ability to use the same codebase but I needed to apply different colours etc (themes) for separate deployments.</p>
<h2 id="adding-a-css-class-via-environment-variable" tabindex="-1">Adding a css class via environment variable <a class="header-anchor" href="#adding-a-css-class-via-environment-variable">#</a></h2>
<pre class="language-html" tabindex="0"><code class="language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span> <span class="token attr-name">lang</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>en<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>%REACT_APP_THEME_CONFIG%<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span></code></pre>
<p>If you look at the <em>index.html</em> file in the public folder of the <a href="https://github.com/andrewjamesford/tailwind-theming-by-config-example">example react app</a>, I've added an <a href="https://create-react-app.dev/docs/adding-custom-environment-variables/#referencing-environment-variables-in-the-html">environment variable</a> in the html tag like above. The variable has been set to <strong>alpha</strong> in the <strong>.env</strong> file. When the project is run, on build the "alpha" class replaces the <strong>%REACT_APP_THEME_CONFIG%</strong>.</p>
<p>Clone the project and run the application by running <code>npm run start</code>. Then you can see the results first hand. To set a different theme stop the app and change the variable in the <strong>.env</strong> file to <strong>gamma</strong> and run again. You will see the styles on the cards take effect with a different colour background.</p>
<p>The beauty of environment variables is they can be set in a multitude of ways. From command line at build, or via web interface with the likes of <a href="https://vercel.com">Vercel</a> or <a href="https://www.netlify.com">Netlify</a>. While in development you can update an <em>env</em> file to check your results.</p>
<h2 id="summary" tabindex="-1">Summary <a class="header-anchor" href="#summary">#</a></h2>
<p>Tailwind CSS is a powerful CSS utility framework and extending it via plugins for theme variants allows a lot of flexibility. Especially when you need to re-use code across different brands. Also while environment variables have been around for a long time, they are still just as relevant today in deployment/development. The two together can be a winning combination in your next project.</p>
<h3 id="hey-have-you-struggled-with-flexbox-layout-in-tailwind-css" tabindex="-1">Hey! Have you struggled with Flexbox layout in Tailwind CSS? <a class="header-anchor" href="#hey-have-you-struggled-with-flexbox-layout-in-tailwind-css">#</a></h3>
<p>I know I have. That's why I created a Tailwind Flexbox Cheatsheet to quickly visually see what classes to use to nail your layout in your own web project.</p>
<div class="promotion">
<picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="/static/OWPaFD-yiP-1785.608b274927.avif 1785w"><source type="image/webp" srcset="/static/OWPaFD-yiP-1785.cc21ff6eba.webp 1785w"><img alt="Tailwind Flexbox Cheatsheet" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/static/OWPaFD-yiP-1785.f084236a1e.png" width="1785" height="717"></picture>
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<a href="https://andrewford.gumroad.com/l/tailwindcheatsheet">Tailwind Flexbox Cheatsheet</a>
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Having trouble with flexbox layout using Tailwind CSS? This cheatsheet can help you quickly find the right class style for your next flexbox layout, with diagrams included.</p>
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